“…The increasing requirements of vacuum packaging have driven the research for robust and high vacuum packaging techniques of MEMS devices. Many technologies have been proposed to satisfy this goal, such as anodic bonding [3,4], eutectic bonding [5,6], glass frit bonding [7,8], laser welding [9], thermal compression bonding [10,11] and polymer bonding [12,13]. In our case, the physics package of a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) is an optoelectronic system that consists of heterogeneous discrete components such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), photodiode (PD), attenuator, MEMS 87 Rb cell and 795 nm quarter-wave plate (QWP).…”