Funding Mechanisms for Implementation of Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Eu Experience

Abstract

past decade, there have been signs of improvement of the Black Sea. However, its unique water areas and coastline are still under serious threat. The Black Sea is unprotected from significant anthropogenic pressures, and has a low adaptive potential. If as the region's economy grows, these pressures will intensify, the problem will become more serious. The implementation of the Directive 2008/56/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of environmental policy on the marine environment (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) are important for Ukraine. The use of the marine environment, taking into account the ecosystem approach and the principle of integrated management improves the environment, biodiversity, development of industries marine complex, especially commercial fish and shellfish, recreation and tourism. Directive 2008/56/EC aims to achieve good environmental status of marine waters and to protect the marine resources that affect the economic and social activities. The main stages of the implementation of Directive 2008/56/EC include: 1) adoption of national legislation and designation the authority or authorities competent for the implementation of this Directive; 2) initial assessment of the current environmental status of marine waters; determine good environmental status for marine waters and establishment environmental targets and associated indicators; establishment of monitoring program for the development of ongoing assessment and regular updating purposes; 3) development programme of measures to achieve good environmental status. Implementation of the MSFD requires more coordinated research, so that studies to evaluate benefits can be carried out across countries using comparable, state-of-the-art valuation methods. This could also include the combination of different valuation methods, e.g. of stated and revealed preference methods, to gain more reliable benefit estimates. Moreover, integrated modelling will be of utmost importance to link bio-geophysical and socioeconomic systems and to trace the effects of changes in the marine environment to their impact on benefits. Focus is on methodological questions related to a common understanding of the funding, technical and scientific implications of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. In particular, one of the objectives of the strategy is the development of non-legally binding and practical documents, such as co-financing of MSFD measures.

Theoretical Basis and Definitional Clarity of Research of Waterway Transport Development

“…Таким чином, враховуючи проведені дослідження можна зазначити, що розвиток водного транспорту ґрунтується на декількох аспектах, зокрема: нормативно-правовий[59], економічний, соціальний та екологічний (табл. 1).…”