Funding of US Biomedical Research, 2003-2008

Dorsey, E. Ray; Roulet, Jason de; Thompson, Joel P.; Reminick, Jason I.; Thai, Ashley; White-Stellato, Zachary; Beck, Christopher A.; George, Benjamin P.; Moses, Hamilton

doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1987

Cited by 304 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Failure to control for non-pharmaceutical medical innovation (e.g., innovation in diagnostic imaging, surgical procedures, and medical devices) is also unlikely to bias estimates of the effect of pharmaceutical innovation on premature mortality, for two reasons. First, more than half of US funding for biomedical research came from pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms (Dorsey et al 2010). Much of the rest came from the federal government (i.e., the NIH), and new drugs often build on upstream government research (Sampat and Lichtenberg 2011).…”

Section: Econometric Model Of Cancer Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on cancer mortality in Mexico, 2003–2013

Lichtenberg

2017

Lat Am Econ Rev

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I assess the impact that pharmaceutical innovation had on cancer mortality in Mexico during the period 2003-2013, by investigating whether there were larger declines in the age-standardized mortality rate of cancer sites (breast, lung, colon, etc.) that were subject to more pharmaceutical innovation, controlling for changes in the age-standardized cancer incidence rate. The estimates indicate that new drugs launched during 1991-2001 reduced the age-standardized cancer mortality rate by 16%, i.e., at an average annual rate of about 1.6%. I estimate that

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Section: Econometric Model Of Cancer Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on cancer mortality in Mexico, 2003–2013

Lichtenberg

2017

Lat Am Econ Rev

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“…(1) has the property of diminishing marginal productivity: the absolute reduction in premature mortality declines with each successive increase in the number of drugs. 4 Survival time for cancer patients is usually measured from the day the cancer is diagnosed until the day they die. Patients are often diagnosed after they have signs and symptoms of cancer.…”

Section: Premature Cancer Mortality Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In ''Premature cancer mortality model '', I describe an econometric model of premature cancer mortality. The data sources used to construct the data to estimate this model are described in ''Data''.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on premature cancer mortality in Switzerland, 1995–2012

Lichtenberg

2015

Eur J Health Econ

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The premature cancer mortality rate has been declining in Switzerland, but there has been considerable variation in the rate of decline across cancer sites (e.g., breast or digestive organs). I analyze the effect that pharmaceutical innovation had on premature cancer mortality in Switzerland during the period 1995-2012 by investigating whether the cancer sites that experienced more pharmaceutical innovation had larger declines in premature mortality, controlling for the number of people diagnosed and mean age at diagnosis. Premature cancer mortality before ages 75 and 65 is significantly inversely related to the cumulative number of drugs registered 5, 10, and 15 years earlier. The number of drugs registered during 1980-1997 explains 63 % of the variation across cancer sites in the 1995-2012 log change in the premature (before age 75) mortality rate. Controlling for the cumulative number of drugs, the cumulative number of chemical subgroups does not have a statistically significant effect on premature mortality. This suggests that drugs (chemical substances) within the same class (chemical subgroup) are not ''therapeutically equivalent''. Over 17,000 life-years before age 75 were gained in 2012 due to drugs registered during 1990-2007. The number of life-years before age 75 gained in 2012 from drugs registered during two earlier periods (1985-2002 and 1980-1997) were more than twice as great. Since mean utilization of new drugs is much lower than mean utilization of older drugs, more recent drug registrations may have a smaller effect on premature mortality than earlier drug registrations even if the average quality of newer drugs is higher. Estimates of the cost per life-year gained before ages 75 and 65 in 2012 from drugs registered during 1990-2007 are $21,228 and $28,673, respectively. These figures are below even the lowest estimates from the value-of-life literature of the value of a quality-adjusted life-year. The estimates indicate that the cost per life-year before age 75 gained from drugs registered during earlier periods (1985-2002 and 1980-1997) were considerably lower: $5299 and $3218, respectively. The largest reductions in premature mortality occur at least a decade after drugs are registered, when their utilization increases significantly. This suggests that if Switzerland is to obtain substantial additional reductions in premature cancer mortality in the future (a decade or more from now) at a modest cost, pharmaceutical innovation (registration of new drugs) is needed today.

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“…This may coincide with findings that the compounded annual growth rate of biomedical research funding peaked around 2005 and has since decreased from 7.8% to 3.4%. 4,5 As far as trends in the subject matter of original research, we found that acne/ rosacea research has declined significantly since 1970, despite the fact that acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in the US and rosacea affects an additional 16 million Americans. 6,7 This trend may stem from the relatively benign nature of these diseases as well as the numerous treatment modalities that have proved successful over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Trends in the Frequency of Original Research in Acne Vulgaris, Rosacea, Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Skin Cancer, and Skin Infections, 1970–2010

Choi

2015

TPJ

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Context: Medical journals have allowed researchers to share their latest discoveries, especially in the most common diseases affecting patients worldwide.Objective: To analyze trends in the frequency of original research into common dermatologic diseases from 1970 to 2010.Design: A retrospective review of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology and the Archives of Dermatology was performed using the MEDLINE database. All original research articles published between 1970 and 2010, by quinquennium, dealing with acne vulgaris, rosacea, skin cancer, dermatitis, psoriasis, or skin infections were included.Main Outcome Measure: Total number of publications dealing with each dermatologic topic considered.Results: The frequency of research into acne vulgaris and rosacea decreased from 24% in 1970 to 5.1% in 2010. Psoriasis research increased in frequency from 17.6% to 26.5% from 2000 to 2010, and skin cancer research increased from 4% in 1970 to 48% in 2010.Conclusions: Topics that experienced early advancements in research, such as acne vulgaris and rosacea, demonstrated a decreasing trend in the frequency of publication. Published psoriasis research has increased in frequency since 2000, most likely because of the discovery of biologics. Finally, skin cancer research has continued to increase in frequency of publication, paralleling the increasing incidence of skin cancer.

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Funding of US Biomedical Research, 2003-2008

Cited by 304 publications

References 14 publications

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on cancer mortality in Mexico, 2003–2013

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on cancer mortality in Mexico, 2003–2013

The impact of pharmaceutical innovation on premature cancer mortality in Switzerland, 1995–2012

Trends in the Frequency of Original Research in Acne Vulgaris, Rosacea, Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Skin Cancer, and Skin Infections, 1970–2010

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