Fungal biodiversity – as found in nasal mucus

Buzina, Walter; Braun, H; Freudenschuss, Kurt; Lackner, Andreas; Habermann, Walter; Stammberger, Heinz R.

doi:10.1080/mmy.41.2.149.161

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Using the same nasal irri-gation technique, a similar prevalence rate was subsequently reported from Europe [19]. Although one may argue that the observed increase in fungal prevalence does not result from improved collection technique but rather from improved detection technique, comparative studies underline the importance of the collection technique [10,19,21]. Based on these studies, nasal lavage seems superior, although this technique samples the nasopharynx, nasal vestibule, and nasal cavity (and thus is less specific) [23].…”

Section: Does the Collection Methods Influence Fungal Yield?supporting

confidence: 61%

“…For endoscopic sinus surgery-guided samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR; 6.5%) has been shown to be superior to culture (0%) [11]; culture (84%) has been shown to be superior to the Grocott methanamine silver stain (70.2%) [19]; and the fluorescein-labeled chitinase stain (100%) has been shown to be superior to the Grocott methanamine silver stain (76%) [17]. For specimens obtained by nasal lavage, PCR (44% [12] and 92.5% [14]) has been shown to be superior to culture (25% [12] and 23.2% [14]).…”

Section: Does the Detection Methods Influence Fungal Yield?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mold conundrum in chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today?

Ebbens

Fokkens²

2008

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses. Although bacteria have long been implicated as pathogens in most forms of CRS, fungi may be responsible for some forms. Several recent studies demonstrated that, under optimal conditions, fungi can be identified in the nose and paranasal sinuses of nearly every individual (including all CRS patients). An aberrant immune response to these ubiquitous fungi has been suggested to explain the development of CRS in some individuals. Several mechanisms requiring additional research, including adequate controls, have been proposed and are reviewed in this article. Although preliminary trials suggested that CRS signs and symptoms improve upon treatment with topical and oral antifungal agents, several double-blind, placebo-controlled trials demonstrated the contrary. In the absence of convincing immunologic data and evidence of clinical improvement upon therapy with antifungal agents, the case against fungi remains unproven.

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Section: Does the Collection Methods Influence Fungal Yield?supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Does the Detection Methods Influence Fungal Yield?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The mold conundrum in chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today?

Ebbens

Fokkens²

2008

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…De Vries (1952) synonymised the isolate identified as Hormodendron langeronii with C. sphaerospermum . Other authors confused strains of this species with C. cladosporioides (Buzina et al 2003, Menkis et al . 2005), although it has slightly longer conidia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genus Cladosporium

Bensch¹,

Braun

Groenewald

et al. 2012

Studies in Mycology

616

489

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A monographic revision of the hyphomycete genus Cladosporium s. lat. ( Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales ) is presented. It includes a detailed historic overview of Cladosporium and allied genera, with notes on their phylogeny, systematics and ecology. True species of Cladosporium s. str. (anamorphs of Davidiella ), are characterised by having coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, i.e., with a convex central dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Recognised species are treated and illustrated with line drawings and photomicrographs (light as well as scanning electron microscopy). Species known from culture are described in vivo as well as in vitro on standardised media and under controlled conditions. Details on host range/substrates and the geographic distribution are given based on published accounts, and a re-examination of numerous herbarium specimens. Various keys are provided to support the identification of Cladosporium species in vivo and in vitro . Morphological datasets are supplemented by DNA barcodes (nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences) diagnostic for individual species. In total 993 names assigned to Cladosporium s. lat ., including Heterosporium (854 in Cladosporium and 139 in Heterosporium ), are treated, of which 169 are recognized in Cladosporium s. str . The other taxa are doubtful, insufficiently known or have been excluded from Cladosporium in its current circumscription and re-allocated to other genera by the authors of this monograph or previous authors. Taxonomic novelties: Cladosporium allicinum (Fr.: Fr.) Bensch, U. Braun & Crous, comb. nov., C. astroideum var. catalinense U. Braun, var. nov., Fusicladium tectonicola (Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang) U. Braun & Bensch, comb. nov., Septoidium uleanum (Henn.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium adeniae (Hansf.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium dianellae (Sawada & Katsuki) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium lythri (Westend.) U. Braun & H.D. Shin, comb. nov., Zasmidium wikstroemiae (Petch) U. Braun, comb. nov.

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“…[27][28][29] Agents of mucormycosis and aspergillosis are considered ubiquitous fungi that might be found in nasal mucous. 30 Although we mainly examined biopsies from airways, only a limited number of samples were identified with DNA from fungi not detected by histopathology. Aspergillus fumigatus specific DNA was identified from only one case of histopathological diagnosis of zygomycosis; this might have been the result of contamination of the sinuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR based identification and discrimination of agents of mucormycosis and aspergillosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue

Bialek¹,

Konrad²,

Kern³

et al. 2005

J Clin Pathol

215

180

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Background:Invasive fungal infections are often diagnosed by histopathology without identification of the causative fungi, which show significantly different antifungal susceptibilities.Aims:To establish and evaluate a system of two seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to identify and discriminate between agents of aspergillosis and mucormycosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue samples.Methods:DNA of 52 blinded samples from five different centres was extracted and used as a template in two PCR assays targeting the mitochondrial aspergillosis DNA and the 18S ribosomal DNA of zygomycetes.Results:Specific fungal DNA was identified in 27 of 44 samples in accordance with a histopathological diagnosis of zygomycosis or aspergillosis, respectively.Aspergillus fumigatusDNA was amplified from one specimen of zygomycosis (diagnosed by histopathology). In four of 16 PCR negative samples no human DNA was amplified, possibly as a result of the destruction of DNA before paraffin wax embedding. In addition, eight samples from clinically suspected fungal infections (without histopathological proof) were examined. The two PCR assays detected a concomitant infection withAbsidia corymbiferaandA fumigatusin one, and infections withRhizopus arrhizusandA fumigatusin another two cases.Conclusions:The two seminested PCR assays described here can support a histopathological diagnosis of mucormycosis or aspergillosis, and can identify the infective agent, thereby optimising antifungal treatment.

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Fungal biodiversity – as found in nasal mucus

Cited by 40 publications

References 66 publications

The mold conundrum in chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today?

The mold conundrum in chronic rhinosinusitis: Where do we stand today?

The genus Cladosporium

PCR based identification and discrimination of agents of mucormycosis and aspergillosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue

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