Fungal Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Impregnated Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel as Wound-Dressing Agent

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconoacetobacter hansenii is a suitable polymeric fiber network for wound-dressing purposes, but its lack of antibacterial properties limits it from healing bacterial wounds. We developed hydrogels by impregnating fungal-derived carboxymethyl chitosan to BC fiber networks using a simple solution immersion method. The CMCS–BC hydrogels were characterized using various characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, water contact angle measurements, TGA, and SEM to know the physiochemical properties. The results show that the impregnation of CMCS into BC fiber networks greatly influences BC’s improving hydrophilic nature, which is crucial for wound healing applications. Furthermore, the CMCS–BC hydrogels were studied for biocompatibility analysis with skin fibroblast cells. The results revealed that by increasing the CMCS content in the BC, biocompatibility, cell attachment, and spreading capacity also increase. The antibacterial activity of CMCS–BC hydrogels is shown using the CFU method against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As a result, the CMCS–BC hydrogels exhibit more suitable antibacterial properties than those without BC due to the CMCS having amino groups that enhance antibacterial properties. Therefore, CMCS–BC hydrogels can be considered suitable for antibacterial wound dressing applications.

Wound Gel with Antimicrobial Effects Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Functional Aryloxycyclotriphosphazene

“…Covalently cross-linked polymers obtained through the Diels-Alder reaction [14], non-covalently cross-linked non-toxic cryogels of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol [15], gum arabic cryogels [16], nanofibers based on biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone, and poly-Llactide obtained via centrifugal spinning or electrospinning [17][18][19][20][21] have been used as gels to prepare wound dressings. Hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose [22] and its combination with carbomer 940 [23], carboxymethyl chitosan [24,25], and chitosan with bacterial cellulose [26] are used to treat chronic wounds and burns.…”

A photocrosslinked methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized locust bean gum double network hydrogel for cartilage repair

“…14 Meanwhile, CMCS possesses several bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. 15,16 Thus, CMCS has good application potential in food, cosmetic and biomedical industries. [17][18][19] Research showed that CMCS and strontium ions could form a new polysaccharide complex that could promote the secretion of type II collagen and effectively reduce articular cartilage damage and subchondral bone degradation.…”

Wound Dressing Impregnated with Vancomycin and Chlorhexidine Digluconate in the Prevention of Orthopedic Surgical Site Infections: A Pilot Study Using a Low-Cost Procedu

“…Sponges provide thermal insulation, maintain a moist environment at the wound site, and exhibit high porosity but are mechanically fragile [27]. On the other hand, hydrogels can store a significant amount of water within their 3D polymeric network, facilitating a moist environment for healing but require a secondary dressing due to their mechanically fragile properties [28]. Hydrocolloids, as non-adherent and painless dressings, can be easily removed by saline or sterile water but may be cytotoxic, have an unpleasant odor, and maintain an acidic pH at the wound site.…”