Fungal Disease Management in Organic Apple Orchards: Epidemiological Aspects and Management Approaches

Holb, I. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8804-9_13

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sanitation is an essential preplant measure to reduce the initial inoculum of a wide array of plant pathogens. For example, the initial inoculum of Venturia inaequalis , the causal agent of apple scab, is reduced by winter pruning or by enhancing the breakdown of apple leaves after adding an N‐rich organic fertilizer (such as a byproduct of the sugar industry, vinasse) in fall and winter . In organic greenhouse production, crop residues with overwintering inoculum are commonly removed.…”

Section: Plant Disease Management In Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper fungicides have been used primarily to control diseases caused by Oomycetes (downy mildews and late blight), but also other foliar diseases that are difficult to control without fungicides, such as apple scab, tomato anthracnose, various coffee diseases and black Sigatoka disease of bananas . However, copper is not only toxic to bacteria and fungi but also to plants, especially during periods of cool wet weather when many plant pathogens thrive .…”

Section: Plant Disease Management In Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Bruggen

Gamliel

Finckh

2015

Pest Management Science

156

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Organic farming (OF) has significantly increased in importance in recent decades. Disease management in OF is largely based on the maintenance of biological diversity and soil health by balanced crop rotations, including nitrogen-fixing and cover crops, intercrops, additions of manure and compost and reductions in soil tillage. Most soil-borne diseases are naturally suppressed, while foliar diseases can sometimes be problematic. Only when a severe disease outbreak is expected are pesticides used that are approved for OF. A detailed overview is given of cultural and biological control measures. Attention is also given to regulated pesticides. We conclude that a systems approach to disease management is required, and that interdisciplinary research is needed to solve lingering disease problems, especially for OF in the tropics. Some of the organic regulations are in need of revision in close collaboration with various stakeholders.

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Section: Plant Disease Management In Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Disease Management In Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Bruggen

Gamliel

Finckh

2015

Pest Management Science

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is continuously threatened by numerous diseases, among which the most dangerous is apple scab caused by the hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis [ 2 , 3 ]. Due to its aggressive epidemiology and dynamic life cycle divided into a saprophytic and biotrophic phase, effective scab control during its biotrophic phase is based on intensive fungicide spraying schemes, with an average of 18–25 applications for a single growing season [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. This strategy has severe drawbacks, such as high costs, negative environmental impact and emergence of fungicide-resistant V. inaequalis strains [ 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis

Svara

Tarkowski

Rensburg

et al. 2020

IJMS

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There is an urgent need for novel, efficient and environmentally friendly strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), for the purpose of reducing overall pesticide use. Fructans are recently emerging as promising “priming” compounds, standing out for their safety and low production costs. The objective of this work was to test a fructan-triggered defense in the leaves of apple seedlings. It was demonstrated that exogenous leaf spraying can reduce the development of apple scab disease symptoms. When evaluated macroscopically and by V. inaequalis-specific qPCR, levan-treated leaves showed a significant reduction of sporulation and V. inaequalis DNA in comparison to mock- and inulin-treated leaves, comparable to the levels in fosetyl-aluminum-treated leaves. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of in vitro mycelial growth of V. inaequalis on plates supplemented with levans when compared to controls, indicating a direct inhibition of fungal growth. Variations in endogenous sugar contents in the leaves were followed during priming and subsequent infection, revealing complex dynamics as a function of time and leaf ontogeny. Our data are discussed in view of the present theories on sugar signaling and fructan-based immunity, identifying areas for future research and highlighting the potential use of fructans in apple scab management in orchards.

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“…Najsku teczniejszym sposobem ochrony jabłoni przed tą chorobą są terminowo wykonywane zabiegi z zastosowaniem fungicydów (MacHardy 1996;Rossi i wsp. 2007;Holb 2009). W warunkach Polski, w lata z częstymi opadami i długotrwałym zwilżeniem liści, sprzyjającymi infekcjom jabłoni i rozwojowi parcha, niezbędne jest wykonanie do 20 zabiegów pozwalających uniknąć strat spowodowanych wystąpieniem choroby (Meszka i Masny 2006;Masny 2015).…”

Section: Wstęp / Introductionunclassified

Forecasting models in the study on effectiveness of Sercadis® fungicide used in different programs to control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)

2019

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Field experiments on control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) were conducted in the three commercial orchards in the Skierniewice region and in the Dąbrowice experimental orchard of the Research Institute of Horticulture near Skierniewice. The data obtained from the experimental orchard allowed by using Burkard apparatus and forecasting models (A-scab and MetApple Venturia inaequalis) to determine term and size of V. inaequalis ascospore discharges, analysis of the relationship between weather data and sporulation of scab fungus, and the occurrence of apple scab risk infection. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of tested apple protection programs containing Sercadis ® application against apple scab in 2011, 2012 and 2015. A-scab and MetApple Venturia inaequalis forecasting models were very useful for timely start and running control programs of apple scab due to correct forecasts of V. inaequalis ascospore discharges and classification of critical periods of apple scab. The most favorable conditions for apple scab development occurred at the orchards in olsza and Prusy. The MetApple Venturia inaequalis model showed respectively 21 and 18 days with conditions favoring primary apple scab infections which resulted in severe scab infections of Jonagored and Lobo apple tree cultivars. The obtained results indicated that even under very favorable weather conditions for apple scab infection, the efficacy of studied programs with the use of Sercadis ® solo at a dose of 0.25 l/ha was high. The control was very high and amounted to 98% and 89% in protection of leaves, and 98% and 98% in protection of fruits of Jonagored and Lobo cultivars, respectively.

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Fungal Disease Management in Organic Apple Orchards: Epidemiological Aspects and Management Approaches

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Plant disease management in organic farming systems

Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis

Forecasting models in the study on effectiveness of Sercadis® fungicide used in different programs to control of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)

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