2018
DOI: 10.20411/pai.v3i2.249
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Fungal Diseases in the 21st Century: The Near and Far Horizons

Abstract: Fungal diseases became a major medical problem in the second half of the 20th century when advances in modern medicine together with the HIV epidemic resulted in large numbers of individuals with impaired immunity. Fungal diseases are difficult to manage because they tend to be chronic, hard to diagnose, and difficult to eradicate with antifungal drugs. This essay considers the future of medical mycology in the 21st century, extrapolating from current trends. In the near horizon, the prevalence of fungal disea… Show more

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Cited by 75 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…Given that there are over 300 million people suffering from fungal infections annually with over 1.5 million of these dying [16,161,162], it is imperative that vaccine development be accelerated to combat these diseases. As one of the main factors that contribute to the increased frequency and severity of disease are defects cellular and/or humoral immunity [163], vaccine strategies must be safe and effective in hosts with intact and compromised immune systems. Advances in proteomics and system biology have facilitated the advancement of a number of vaccine proposals, particularly as they permit the localization of proteins and the characterization of their modifications, functions and interactions [164].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given that there are over 300 million people suffering from fungal infections annually with over 1.5 million of these dying [16,161,162], it is imperative that vaccine development be accelerated to combat these diseases. As one of the main factors that contribute to the increased frequency and severity of disease are defects cellular and/or humoral immunity [163], vaccine strategies must be safe and effective in hosts with intact and compromised immune systems. Advances in proteomics and system biology have facilitated the advancement of a number of vaccine proposals, particularly as they permit the localization of proteins and the characterization of their modifications, functions and interactions [164].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yeasts and filamentous fungi are emerging as important human pathogens, and can be the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections [46][47][48][49]. Fungal infections are associated with a high economic burden worldwide [50][51][52].…”
Section: Sumoylation In Human Pathogenic Fungimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was a white solid; yield-79% (0.37 g). 1 Synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1-phenylethyl)urea (3f) Compound (3f) was synthesized from 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate (0.25 g, 1.62 mmol) and (S)-(-)-N-benzyl-α-methylbenzylamine (0.34 g, 1.62 mmol), according to the general procedure. It was a white solid; yield-77% (0.45 g).…”
Section: Synthesis Of (R)-1-methyl-1-(1-phenylethyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bacterial and fungal diseases have become increasingly more prominent and complex in recent years, particularly when compared to the last half of the twentieth century [1]. As a result, the need for new antibacterial and antifungal agents has become a goal of extreme importance, especially in light of the documented emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains in recent years [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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