Fungal Dysbiosis in Children with Celiac Disease

Mouzan, Mohammad El; Al–Hussaini, Abdulrahman; Fanelli, Brian; Assiri, Asaad; AlSaleem, Badr; Mofarreh, Mohammad Al; Sarkhy, Ahmed Al; Alasmi, Mona

doi:10.1007/s10620-021-06823-8

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…is associated with cystic fibrosis lung exacerbation [ 33 ] and with intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease patients [ 34 ]. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is also associated with intestinal inflammation in celiac disease [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota are both associated with Day-28 mortality among critically ill patients

et al. 2022

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Introduction Gut microbiota is associated with host characteristics such as age, sex, immune condition or frailty and is thought to be a key player in numerous human diseases. Nevertheless, its association with outcome in critically ill patients has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to assess the association between gut microbiota composition and Day-28 mortality in critically ill patients. Methods Rectal swab at admission of every patient admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) between October and November 2019 was frozen at − 80 °C. DNA extraction was performed thanks to QIAamp® PowerFecal® Pro DNA kit (QIAgen®). V3–V4 regions of 16SRNA and ITS2 coding genes were amplified by PCR. Sequencing (2x250 bp paired-end) was performed on MiSeq sequencer (Illumina®). DADA2 pipeline on R software was used for bioinformatics analyses. Risk factors for Day-28 mortality were investigated by logistic regression. Results Fifty-seven patients were consecutively admitted to ICU of whom 13/57 (23%) deceased and 44/57 (77%) survived. Bacteriobiota α-diversity was lower among non-survivors than survivors (Shannon and Simpson index respectively, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001) as was mycobiota α-diversity (respectively p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Both gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota Shannon index were independently associated with Day-28 mortality in multivariate analysis (respectively OR: 0.19, 97.5 CI [0.04–0.60], p < 0.01 and OR: 0.29, 97.5 CI [0.09–0.75], p = 0.02). Bacteriobiota β-diversity was significantly different between survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.05) but not mycobiota β-diversity (p = 0.57). Non-survivors had a higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Clostridiales sp., Campylobacter ureolyticus, Akkermansia sp., Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia dermatis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas survivors had a higher abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens, Blautia sp., Streptococcus sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium sp. Conclusion The gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota α diversities are independently associated with Day-28 mortality in critically ill patients. The causal nature of this interference and, if so, the underlying mechanisms should be further investigated to assess if gut microbiota modulation could be a future therapeutic approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota are both associated with Day-28 mortality among critically ill patients

et al. 2022

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“…Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten and related prolamins that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals [ 118 ]. Genetic susceptibility and gluten ingestion do not have the capacity of inducing the disease alone, suggesting that several additional factors might interfere with disease pathogenesis [ 119 , 120 , 121 ]. Intestinal dysbiosis in CeD has been the subject of different studies as the major environmental factor involved in CeD underlying mechanisms.…”

Section: Microbiota and The Digestive Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal dysbiosis in CeD has been the subject of different studies as the major environmental factor involved in CeD underlying mechanisms. “Beneficial bacteria” such as bifidobacteria, clostridia and lactobacilli encountered lower levels than in healthy individuals, while “potential pathogenic bacteria” such as E. coli and bacteria from Bacteroidota phylum increased their amounts [ 119 ]. Dysbiosis can also appear as a result of the gluten-free diet (GFD) that eliminates dietary carbohydrates resources used by beneficial bacteria as energy sources [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and The Digestive Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha diversity for fungal species between CeD patients’ sample and healthy individuals had a similar diversity, a beta diversity identifying an overlap of samples from both categories. The Saccharomycetaceae family and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were more abundant in CeD patients while Ascomycota phylum had notably decreased levels [ 119 ]. Similar, high anti- Saccharomyces boulardi antibodies were reported in CeD patients with a complete reduction or an important reduction during a gluten free diet (GFD) [ 119 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and The Digestive Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gut Microbiome and Its Implication in the Mucosal Digestive Disorders

et al. 2022

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most studied compartments of the human body as it hosts the largest microbial community including trillions of germs. The relationship between the human and its associated flora is complex, as the microbiome plays an important role in nutrition, metabolism and immune function. With a dynamic composition, influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, there is an equilibrium maintained in the composition of GI microbiota, translated as “eubiosis”. Any disruption of the microbiota leads to the development of different local and systemic diseases. This article reviews the human GI microbiome’s composition and function in healthy individuals as well as its involvement in the pathogenesis of different digestive disorders. It also highlights the possibility to consider flora manipulation a therapeutic option when treating GI diseases.

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“…Bacterial dysbiosis in patients with CeD demonstrated decreased abundance of "beneficial bacteria" such as Bifidobacteria, Clostridia, and Lactobacilli and enrichment of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacteroides [14][15][16]. Similarly, fungal dysbiosis, especially Saccharomyces and Candida, has been described in children with CeD [17][18][19][20] However, less is known at this time regarding the role of viruses within the CeD population. Major classes of human gut virome include bacteriophages, DNA eukaryotic viruses, and RNA eukaryotic viruses [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral dysbiosis in children with new-onset celiac disease

et al. 2022

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Viruses are common components of the intestinal microbiome, modulating host bacterial metabolism and interacting with the immune system, with a possible role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases such as celiac disease (CeD). The objective of this study was to characterize the virome profile in children with new-onset CeD. We used metagenomic analysis of viral DNA in mucosal and fecal samples from children with CeD and controls and performed sequencing using the Nextera XT library preparation kit. Abundance log2 fold changes were calculated using differential expression and linear discriminant effect size. Shannon alpha and Bray–Curtis beta diversity were determined. A total of 40 children with CeD and 39 controls were included. We found viral dysbiosis in both fecal and mucosal samples. Examples of significantly more abundant species in fecal samples of children with CeD included Human polyomavirus 2, Enterobacteria phage mEpX1, and Enterobacteria phage mEpX2; whereas less abundant species included Lactococcus phages ul36 and Streptococcus phage Abc2. In mucosal samples however, no species were significantly associated with CeD. Shannon alpha diversity was not significantly different between CeD and non-CeD groups and Bray–Curtis beta diversity showed no significant separation between CeD and non-CeD samples in either mucosal or stool samples, whereas separation was clear in all samples. We identified significant viral dysbiosis in children with CeD, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of CeD indicating the need for further studies.

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Fungal Dysbiosis in Children with Celiac Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota are both associated with Day-28 mortality among critically ill patients

Gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota are both associated with Day-28 mortality among critically ill patients

The Gut Microbiome and Its Implication in the Mucosal Digestive Disorders

Viral dysbiosis in children with new-onset celiac disease

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