Fungal flora in the mouth of venomous and non-venomous snakes

Dehghani, Rouhullah; Sharif, Alireza; Assadi, M; Kashani, Hamed Haddad; Sharif, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2330-1

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Yokenella regensburgei has been known to generate septicemias from soft tissue infections, especially for immunocompromised hosts [ 43 ]. The capacity of Aeromonas hydrophila is well known to cause severe infections after snakebites [ 44 ]. Another species identified was Raoultella ornithinolytica , a poorly described pathogen with rare cases of infection, with a high mortality rate reported (20%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Oral and Cloacal Cavities from Free-Living Snakes Species in Costa Rica Rainforest

Artavia‐León

Romero-Guerrero

Sancho-Blanco

et al. 2017

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Costa Rica has a significant number of snakebites per year and bacterial infections are often complications in these animal bites. Hereby, this study aims to identify, characterize, and report the diversity of the bacterial community in the oral and cloacal cavities of venomous and nonvenomous snakes found in wildlife in Costa Rica. The snakes where captured by casual encounter search between August and November of 2014 in the Quebrada González sector, in Braulio Carrillo National Park. A total of 120 swabs, oral and cloacal, were taken from 16 individuals of the Viperidae and Colubridae families. Samples were cultured on four different media at room temperature. Once isolated in pure culture, colonies were identified with the VITEK® 2C platform (bioMérieux). In order to test the identification provided on environmental isolates, molecular analyses were conducted on 27 isolates of different bacterial species. Specific 16S rDNA PCR-mediated amplification for bacterial taxonomy was performed, then sequenced, and compared with sequences of Ribosomal Database Project (RDP). From 90 bacterial isolates, 40 different bacterial species were identified from both oral and cloacal swabs. These results indicate the diversity of opportunistic pathogens present and their potential to generate infections and zoonosis in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Oral and Cloacal Cavities from Free-Living Snakes Species in Costa Rica Rainforest

Artavia‐León

Romero-Guerrero

Sancho-Blanco

et al. 2017

International Scholarly Research Notices

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“…Like all other bites by other animals including poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes, the infection of these wounds causes infection with microbial agents of the soil or oral flora. Thus, through solpugids biting like other animals, it is possible that the wound be infected with viruses, bacteria and fungi [39][40][41][42][43][44]. The surface flora of venom injection apparatus of marine and aquatic animals in addition to poisoning can cause local or systemic infection in human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study on fauna of medical important solpugid (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Solifugae) in Kashan City, Central Iran.

Dehghani¹,

Kassiri²,

Mazaheri-Tehrani³

et al. 2019

biomedicalresearch

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Solpugids are an order of hunter arthropods. They do not have poison glands or sting, but they can hunt animals larger than themselves using their powerful and large chelicerae. Due to their aggressive behavior and scary look, solpugids cause fear and horror in humans. Given the importance of solpugids in terms of causing fear, discomfort and the possibility of infection in case of biting, determining its species was noted in Kashan. This study was a descriptive research. Sixty five specimens of solpugids collected from homes and dormitories in Kashan City by hand-collecting method and were transferred to laboratory. All specimens had been collected from public and commuting places. The collected solpugids were preserved in 70% ethanol and were identified using special and valid keys under stereomicroscope in the laboratory. It was shown that at least 3 species of solpugids from Rhagodidae, Galeodidae and Gylippidae families exist in Kashan. Among 65 solpugids collected, 51% were identified Galeodes caspius, 41.5% Gylippus lamelliger and 7.5% Rhagodes melanochaetus. At least 3 species of solpugids live in 3 families in Kashan that sometimes penetrate the houses and dormitories. Thus, it is recommended that citizens be trained about the importance of these animals in ecosystem and that they know that these animals are not toxic.

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“…Filamentous fungi are often isolated from snakes, and although most fungi make up the normal microbiota of reptiles, some were reported as an etiological agent of mycoses. The ones most commonly found are the species of Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Acremonium spp., Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., and dermatophytes (Bohuski et al 2015;Dehghani et al 2016;Freire et al 2015). Among the fungi identified in B. insularis snakes, the most prevalent were ascomycetes Trichoderma spp., Purpureocillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Nectria spp., and Fusarium spp., which represented 78.6% of the total strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis ofBothrops insularisbacterial and fungal microbiota

Barbosa

Ferreira

Mello

et al. 2018

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Bothrops insularis, known as the golden lancehead snake, has its natural habitat restricted to Queimada Grande Island on the southern coast of Brazil. This culture-dependent study aimed to identify microorganisms obtained from the mouth, eyes, and cloaca of this species. Swabs from 20 snakes were collected for fungal and bacterial isolation. DNA was extracted from all samples, and identification was performed by amplifying the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions and the 16S rDNA gene, respectively. All strains were identified and deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database. MEGA v6.0 software was utilized to construct phylogenetic trees. In total, 100 strains were isolated and characterized, from which 42 fungi were distributed into 23 species and 58 bacteria into 13 species. The genus Fusarium was predominant since 11 strains and probably a new species was isolated from this fungus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant groups of aerobic bacteria isolated. Phylogenetic analyses between bacterial and fungal sequences suggest a similarity between the microorganisms found on the island and on the continent. These findings may be attributed to anthropic actions resulting from both expeditions to the island and actions of migratory birds, which are the main sources of food for snakes.

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Fungal flora in the mouth of venomous and non-venomous snakes

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Diversity of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Oral and Cloacal Cavities from Free-Living Snakes Species in Costa Rica Rainforest

Diversity of Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Oral and Cloacal Cavities from Free-Living Snakes Species in Costa Rica Rainforest

A preliminary study on fauna of medical important solpugid (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Solifugae) in Kashan City, Central Iran.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis ofBothrops insularisbacterial and fungal microbiota

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