Fungi as veritable tool in current advances in nanobiotechnology

Abstract

Fungi have great prospects for synthesis, applications and developing new products in nanotechnology. In recent times, fungi use in nanotechnology is gaining more attention because of the ecological friendly state of their metabolite-mediated nanoparticles, their safety, amenability and applications in diverse fields. The diversity of the metabolites such as enzymes, polysaccharide, polypeptide, protein and other macro-molecules has made fungi a veritable tool for nanoparticles synthesis. Mechanism of fungal nano-biosynthesis from the molecular perspective has been extensively studied through various investigations on its green synthesized metal nanoparticles. Fungal nanobiotechnology has been applied in agricultural, medical and industrial sectors for goods and services improvement and delivery to mankind. Agriculturally, it has found applications in plant disease management and production of environmentally friendly, non-toxic insecticides, fungicides to enhance agricultural production in general. Medically, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially of microbial origin have been improved with fungal nanoparticles through more efficient drug delivery systems with great benefits to pharmaceutical industries. This review therefore explored fungal nanobiotechnology; mechanism of synthesis, characterization and potential applications in various fields of human endeavours for goods and services delivery.

Síntesis De Nanopartículas De Sulfuro De Cadmio Mediante Un Sistema Acuoso De Biomasa Fúngica

“…Considerando los reportes que demuestran que los hongos tienen la capacidad de producir biomoléculas tales como enzimas, proteínas y otras moléculas de naturaleza orgánica, se sabe que éstas tienen la capacidad de reducir metales y compuestos inorgánicos utilizados como precursores para la síntesis de nanopartículas (Adebayo et al, 2021), por lo tanto, el estudio del poder reductor del extracto acuoso fue imprescindible; mediante la técnica FRAP (Figura 1), se obtuvo como resultado que dicha capacidad reductora es comparable a un control positivo, en este caso, el ácido ascórbico. A primera instancia, esto sugirió que el poder reductor es adecuado para llevar a cabo la síntesis de NPs CdS, no obstante, es importante destacar que este parámetro no es el único que interviene en la síntesis de nanopartículas, ya que se puede ver involucrada la especie del hongo, el solvente con el que se extrae, temperatura, etc.…”

Fungal Mushrooms: A Natural Compound With Therapeutic Applications

“…The findings revealed a considerable inhibitory capability against plant pathogens, suggesting that it could be used as a plant pathogen antifungal agent. Metallic nanoparticles mediated by mushroom fruiting bodies have been identified with various biomedical uses ( Adebayo et al, 2021 ).…”

Diversity of Biogenic Nanoparticles Obtained by the Fungi-Mediated Synthesis: A Review

“…The ability to form nanoparticles has been found in all groups of organisms. Numerous studies have shown that plants [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], animals [ 10 , 16 , 17 ], bacteria [ 16 , 18 ], fungi [ 11 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], actinomycetes [ 22 , 23 ], algae [ 14 , 16 , 24 , 25 ], lichens [ 26 ] and viruses [ 10 ] can be successfully used to produce nanoparticles. Along with living cultures, their biomass, cell fractions, extracts, metabolites and spent media can also be used in green nanosynthesis [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 27 , 28 ], as well as various plant and animal food products [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] and organic industrial wastes [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

“…Along with living cultures, their biomass, cell fractions, extracts, metabolites and spent media can also be used in green nanosynthesis [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 27 , 28 ], as well as various plant and animal food products [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] and organic industrial wastes [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Fungal cultures of different taxonomic groups are very promising biological objects for the green synthesis of nanoparticles [ 11 , 20 , 36 ]. The advantage of fungi in comparison to other organisms is their ability to produce a wide range of active protein molecules, convert ions of heavy metals and other trace elements into less toxic forms under the action of their enzymes and accumulate them in large quantities both within their mycelium and extracellularly.…”