Fungi associated with <i>Ips typographus</i> on <i>Picea abies</i> in southern Poland and their succession into the phloem and sapwood of beetle‐infested trees and logs

Jankowiak, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00395.x

Cited by 50 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…& P. Syd. This species seems to be more strongly associated with Tomicus minor Hartig than T. piniperda [62,80], which could explain the low frequency observed. However, this fungus has been also isolated from T. piniperda [61,81], being quite frequent among blue stain fungi carried by this insect species [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The mycobiota of two studied bark beetles included some Fusarium species reported in earlier studies for Tomicus genus [61,62]. The presence of this taxonomical group could be considered noteworthy due to the broad range of hosts and this genus pathogenic potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and bark beetles a consequence of contact during flight. The appearance of Mucor hiemalis Wehmer was probably caused by an eventual contact with insects because its spores are frequently distributed in soil and litter [58,62]. Cladosposrium sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum

Muñoz‐Adalia

Sanz-Ros

Flores-Pacheco

et al. 2017

Forests

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Bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) carry a diverse filamentous fungal community sometimes acting as vectors or carriers of phytopathogens. In this study, mycobiota carried by two Tomicus species (Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus destruens) were investigated through (i) morphological and molecular identification of taxa; (ii) taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness, dominance and phoresy indices; (iii) ecological network analysis and (iv) statistical co-occurrence analysis. The studied mycobiota were formed by eleven taxa and showed a moderate fungal diversity with low evenness. The fungus Sydowia polyspora was significantly abundant and dominated the community. All the fungal taxa were randomly associated. Both insect species (T. piniperda and T. destruens) were collected from plantations of Pinus radiata infected by Fusarium circinatum. The ecological factors that could drive community ecology and phoretic links between fungi and bark beetles are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum

Muñoz‐Adalia

Sanz-Ros

Flores-Pacheco

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…(Jankowiak, 2005). In these conditions, even if O. polonicum appears the most pathogenic and even if it is able to strongly stimulate tree responses after artificial inoculations, one may doubt its dominant role in beetle establishment (and even in sapwood invasion) in the natural conditions of these forests.…”

Section: Modalities Of Fungal Impact On Tree Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was however found less frequently and even very rarely in other places (Harding, 1989;Jankowiak, 2005;Kirisits, 2001;Mathiesen-Käärik, 1953;Sallé et al, 2005;Viiri, 1997;Viiri and Lieutier, 2004). Similar situations have been observed in North America with the associations between D. rufipennis and C. rufipenni (Six and Bentz, 2003;Six and Klepzig, 2004) or L. abietinum (Aukema et al, 2005), between D. ponderosae and G. clavigera or O. montium (Six and Bentz, 2007;Six and Klepzig, 2004), and between D. frontalis and O. minus (Bridges et al, 1985).…”

Section: Modalities Of Fungal Impact On Tree Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of tree defenses by Ophiostomatoid fungi can explain attack success of bark beetles on conifers

2009

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Keywords:pathogen / forest tree / physiological stress / blue stain fungi / host resistance Abstract • Our aim is to present why the hypothesis, that Ophiostomatoid fungi play an important role in the establishment of most bark beetle species on living conifers, is valuable.• After summarizing knowledge about the relationships of bark beetles with conifers and fungi, we conclude that controversy results from misinterpretations when using fungal pathogenicity to demonstrate the role of Ophiostomatoid fungi in beetle establishment on host trees.• We demonstrate that fungal pathogenicity is not the right parameter to appreciate the role of fungus in beetle establishment on host trees. We argue that artificial low density inoculations that allow the appreciation of fungus ability to stimulate tree defenses and thus to help beetles in overcoming tree resistance must be used in complement to mass inoculations. In both cases, results must be expressed in terms of tree defense stimulation rather than in terms of tree killing.(i) Fungal species stimulating tree defenses are generally not those that grow the best in the sapwood.(ii) We argue that beetle development in the phloem, fungal invasion of the sapwood and phloem, and tree death, occur after tree defenses are exhausted, and that any fungus present in the beetle gallery could thus potentially invade the sapwood after defense exhaustion.• We conclude that stimulation of the tree defense reactions in both the phloem and the superficial sapwood is a real benefit brought by fungi to the beetles during the first phase of establishment (overcoming tree resistance).• Considering the origin of the bark beetle fungus associations attacking living trees and their general functioning based on stimulation of tree defenses, we develop three hypotheses:(i) any beetle species would be helped in its establishment in a given tree species by developing an association, even loosely, with a fungus species belonging to the Ophiostomatoid flora of that tree species; (ii) the necessity of a considerably low level of tree resistance for fungus extension into the tree is the selection pressure that has led fungi to develop their intrinsic ability to stimulate tree defenses, through their ability to grow into the phloem. This association can be completed by antagonistic fungal species controlling extension of the previous fungal species in the tree tissues; (iii) Beetle species using the strategy of overcoming tree resistance are associated with a fungal complex, of which species could assume three roles regarding relationships between beetles and trees: 1-to stimulate tree defenses in the phloem and superficial sapwood, 2-to grow into the sapwood after tree resistance is overcome, and 3-to control phloem extension of the first other two categories. Bringing nutrients to the beetle progeny can be a fourth role.• We propose that bark beetle -Ophiostomatoid associations can be categorized, based on associations' frequency and complexity while taking into account beetle aggressiveness. We show...

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Fungi Vectored by the Bark Beetle Ips typographus Following Hibernation Under the Bark of Standing Trees and in the Forest Litter

et al. 2009

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The bark beetle Ips typographus has different hibernation environments, under the bark of standing trees or in the forest litter, which is likely to affect the beetle-associated fungal flora. We isolated fungi from beetles, standing I. typographus-attacked trees, and forest litter below the attacked trees. Fungal identification was done using cultural and molecular methods. The results of the two methods in detecting fungal species were compared. Fungal communities associated with I. typographus differed considerably depending on the hibernation environment. In addition to seven taxa of known ophiostomoid I. typographus-associated fungi, we detected 18 ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi, five wood-decaying basidomycetes, 11 yeasts, and four zygomycetes. Of those, 14 fungal taxa were detected exclusively from beetles that hibernated under bark, and six taxa were detected exclusively from beetles hibernating in forest litter. The spruce pathogen, Ceratocystis polonica, was detected occasionally in bark, while another spruce pathogen, Grosmannia europhioides, was detected more often from beetles hibernating under the bark as compared to litter. The identification method had a significant impact on which taxa were detected. Rapidly growing fungal taxa, e.g. Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Ophiostoma, dominated pure culture isolations; while yeasts dominated the communities detected using molecular methods. The study also demonstrated low frequencies of tree pathogenic fungi carried by I. typographus during its outbreaks and that the beetle does not require them to successfully attack and kill trees.

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Fungi associated with Ips typographus on Picea abies in southern Poland and their succession into the phloem and sapwood of beetle‐infested trees and logs

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum

Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum

Stimulation of tree defenses by Ophiostomatoid fungi can explain attack success of bark beetles on conifers

Fungi Vectored by the Bark Beetle Ips typographus Following Hibernation Under the Bark of Standing Trees and in the Forest Litter

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