Fungi occurring in the roots and basal parts of one‐ and two‐year‐old spruce and pine stumps

Sydow, Fredrika Von

doi:10.1080/02827589309382767

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Other basidiomycetes occurred in low frequencies in P. abies wood close to wounds and have also been reported occasionally to be associated in a similar niche (SOKOLOV 1958;MURAVJOVA 1971;PECHMANN and AUFSESS 1971;LUNDEBERG 1972;BONNEMANN 1979;NOROKORPI 1979;ROLL-HANSEN andROLL-HANSEN 1980a, 1981;HALLAKSELA 1984a;SOLHEIM and SELAS 1986;SYDOW 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fungi in bark peeling wounds of Picea abies in central Sweden

Vasiliauskas

Stenlid

Johansson

1996

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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A total of 210 Norway spruce trees with stem wounds resulting from bark peeling by moose (Alces alces) were examined in three 45-50-year-old stands that contained 20-30% of damaged trees. Injured stems were between 8 and 40 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and showed 1 to 23-year-old wounds. Wounds varied in size from 2 to 4815 cm'. The size of injury correlated negatively with the age of the injury (r=:-0.24; p = 0.004), and positive correlation was established between the age of the injury and d.b.h. of the wounded tree (r = 0.50; p = 0.0001). Each wound was sampled once using an increment borer and fungi were isolated. Among basidiomycetes, Stereum sanguinolentum was the most common (isolated from 26.7% of the damagecTstems). Other common species were Cylindrobasidium evolvens (23.8%), Amylostereum areolatum (5.2%), A. chailletii (0.5%), Heterobasidion annosum (5.2%), Peniophora pithya (1.4%), Sistotrema brinkmannii (1.0%). The ascomycete Nectria fuckeliana was the most common among all fungi (present in 35.7% of bark peeling wounds). The frequency of S. sanguinolentum infection correlated^ positively with the age of the injury (r = 0.27; p = 0.001) and the opposite relationship was revealed for G. evolvens (r= -0.30; p=^ 0.0001). Furthermore, C. evolvens infection correlated positively with the wound size (r = 0.30; p = 0.0001) and negatively with the tree d.b.h. (r = -0.20; p = 0.004). A positive correlation was found between tree d.b.h. and the occurrence in stems of H. annosum (r = 0.23; p = 0.001 and N. fuckeliana (r = 0.23; p = 0.0006). The spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans attacked 14.8% of wounded trees. Presence in stems of N. fuckeliana was associated significantly with the D. micans attack (r = 0.190; p = 0.006; y^ test: p = 0.01). Except for a negative correlation between infections of 5. sanguinolentum and H. annosum (r = -0.140; p = 0.04), no significant relationship between fungal species was found.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fungi in bark peeling wounds of Picea abies in central Sweden

Vasiliauskas

Stenlid

Johansson

1996

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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“…1999), but it was not known whether this fungus invades or damages roots. However, C. polonica and other blue‐stain fungi are reported to live on conifer stumps and dead tree trunks inhabited by spruce beetles ( Hylastes ) and other conifer root weevils (Von Sydow 1993), and these insects are, in turn, also known to attack healthy roots (Eidmann et al. 1991; Klepzig et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the necrotrophic blue-stain fungus C. polonica is vectored to the stem by bark beetles and can kill mature Norway spruce trees under natural conditions (Christiansen & Solheim 1990;Christiansen et al 1999), but it was not known whether this fungus invades or damages roots. However, C. polonica and other blue-stain fungi are reported to live on conifer stumps and dead tree trunks inhabited by spruce beetles (Hylastes) and other conifer root weevils (Von Sydow 1993), and these insects are, in turn, also known to attack healthy roots (Eidmann et al 1991;Klepzig et al 1995). This raises the possibility that root beetles, at least occasionally, could carry spores of C. polonica or other blue-stain fungi from dead trees or stumps into the roots of healthy trees under natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host responses in Norway spruce roots induced to the pathogen Ceratocystis polonica are evaded or suppressed by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor

Nagy¹,

Fossdal²

2012

Plant Biology

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The outcome of a compatible mycorrhizal interaction is different from that in a compatible plant-pathogen interaction; however, it is not clear what mechanisms are used to evade or suppress the host defence. The aim of this work is to reveal differences between the interaction of Norway spruce roots to the pathogen Ceratocystis polonica and the ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor, examine if L. bicolor is able to evade inducing host defence responses typically induced by pathogens, and test if prior inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus affects the outcome of a later challenge with the pathogen. The pathogen was able to invade the roots and caused extensive necrosis, leading to seedling death, with or without prior inoculation with L. bicolor. The ectomycorrhizal L. bicolor colonised primary roots of the Norway spruce seedlings by partly covering, displacing and convoluting the cells of the outer root cortex, leaving the seedlings healthy. We detected increased total peroxidase activity, and staining indicating increased lignification in roots as a response to C. polonica. In L. bicolor inoculated roots there was no increase in total peroxidase activity, but an additional highly acidic peroxidase isoform appeared that was not present in healthy roots, or in roots invaded by the pathogen. Increased protease activity was detected in roots colonised by C. polonica, but little protease activity was detected in L. bicolor inoculated roots. These results suggest that the pathogen efficiently invades the roots despite the induced host defence responses, while L. bicolor suppresses or evades inducing such host responses in this experimental system.

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“…Both adult pine weevils and larvae locate freshly killed conifer roots by responding to the same main chemical cues (Nordenhem & Nordlander, 1994). During this period the quality of the phloem may have changed owing to invasion of fungi and various micro-organisms (von Sydow, 1993). A more important factor may be that the larvae choose their feeding site about 4-5 weeks later than the ovipositing female, since it takes about a month until hatching under field conditions ( Figure 2a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more important factor may be that the larvae choose their feeding site about 4-5 weeks later than the ovipositing female, since it takes about a month until hatching under field conditions (Figure 2a). During this period the quality of the phloem may have changed owing to invasion of fungi and various micro-organisms (von Sydow, 1993). Moreover, other Hylobius and Hylastes larvae may have already started feeding in the root nearby, thereby affecting the choice of feeding site for the newly hatched pine weevil larva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition patterns of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Nordlander

Nordenhem

Bylund

1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Spatial and temporal distributions of eggs laid by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were studied by taking root and soil samples around pine stumps on a clear-cutting in central Sweden. In addition, first-instar larvae migrating in the soil were sampled using traps baited with host-odour. Eggs were found in the soil rather than in the bark of stump roots, which previously has been regarded as the usual oviposition site. Based on an oviposition experiment and additional field observations we conclude that eggs are laid in the bark of roots only when the surrounding material is likely to dry out. We suggest two explanations for why weevils oviposit mainly in the soil, although they are known to show stereotypic behaviour when inserting eggs in stump roots: (1) egg predation by other arthropods or by conspecifics is avoided, and (2) newly hatched pine weevil larvae are better than ovipositing females at locating suitable sites for larval feeding.

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Fungi occurring in the roots and basal parts of one‐ and two‐year‐old spruce and pine stumps

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Fungi in bark peeling wounds of Picea abies in central Sweden

Fungi in bark peeling wounds of Picea abies in central Sweden

Host responses in Norway spruce roots induced to the pathogen Ceratocystis polonica are evaded or suppressed by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor

Oviposition patterns of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

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