Fungicides for Packaged Foods, Generation of Ammonia for In-Package Fumigation of Foodstuffs

Abstract

nitrile extract at the rate of about 5 ml. per minute, with the aid of slight suction, through a column of acid-washed alumina prepared as described under "Apparatus." The amount of coloring matter varies from sample to sample and it may be that one. column can be used for several samples or that more than one

Evaluation of alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control citrus postharvest diseases.

“…The inhibitory activity of ammonia increased as the concentration applied increased and a double injection of ammonia further improved its effectiveness. These results corroborate the findings in prior reports (Gunther et al, 1959A;Roistacher, et al, 1955;Roistacher, et al, 1957;Roistacher, et al, 1958;Tomkins and Trout, 1931). Citrus fruit tolerate ammonia gas well, unlike many other fresh commodities (Phillips, 1985).…”

Fungicides for Package Foods, Sorption of Ammonia by Fruits, Vegetables, Eggs, and Fiberboard in Dynamic Systems

“…Fruits by Chemical Assay Ammonia Nitrogen from Nominal Laboratory Treatment. (8) (Winning-Peplow, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.). 6 About 500 grams of subsample from the mash of 90 whole fruits was thoroughly disintegrated in a Waring Blendor, 50.00gram subsamples ivere placed in 800-ml.…”

“…carton, released within the carton in not less than 3 and not more than 12 days (79,20). Accordingly, lots of 90 lemons each, randomly selected from a commercial run, were treated (77) in standard nonvented cartons with sufficient ammoniareleasing pellets (8) to afford 3.7 grams of available ammonia each. The cartons of treated and control fruits were placed in ventilated storage at 50°F ., with control samples near the air inlet and treated samples near the air outlet of the storage room.…”

“…A more reproducible general analytical method was therefore devised to demonstrate the presence of ammonia residues in treated fruits. Isolative techniques explored included vacuum distillation with and without alcohol, vacuum and pressure aeration with adjusted pH, normal pressure distillation, ion ex- (Winniri'g-Peplow, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.); each mat contains nine 32-grain ammonia-releasing pellets (8). 6 Telescopic non vented cartons of lemons and vented cartons of oranges (7 7) trucked for 2 days under commercial refrigeration (55°t o 60°F .…”

“…In addition to assisting in the design of a practicable treatment (8), sorption-desorption data help clarify the possible problem of persisting residues of the sorbed ammonia which must be considered under Public Law 518. Under this law and in its applications to control the blue-green molds decay of citrus fruits, for example, ammonia has been declared (5) exempt from the requirement of a tolerance; further, the fruit labeling clause of Section 403K of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act has been waived (74) for this recommended usage, if the container (package) is labeled.…”