Fungus Gnat Larval Control in Greenhouse Plant Production12

Hamlen, R. A.; Mead, Frank W.

doi:10.1093/jee/72.2.269

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Although larval reduction of B. agrestis ranged from 77 to 93% after 7 days for the diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and diflubenzuron plots, some level of phytotoxicity occurred in all insecticidetreated plots. In another study, Hamlen and Mead (1979) obtained satisfactory control of B. impatiens on Schlumbergera bridgesii (Christmas cactus) and B. coprophila on Peperaida caperata (emerald ripple) with the insecticides aldicarb, oxamyl and diazinon, but phytotoxic effects were also observed in these treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Steinernema carpocapsae(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a biological control agent against the fungus GnatBradysia agrestis(Diptera: Sciaridae) in propagation houses

Kim¹,

Choo

Kaya

et al. 2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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A recently introduced fungus gnat, Bradysia agrestis, has caused serious problems in Korean propagation houses where vegetable seedlings are produced for transplant into the fields. Although chemical insecticides are available against this pest, alternate control measures are needed. A Korean isolate of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain, was tested against this insect in the laboratory and propagation house. In the laboratory, S. carpocapsae affected oviposition, with the untreated females laying an average of 1219/25 eggs, whereas the treated females averaged 79/2 eggs. The infectivity of S. carpocapsae to the fungus gnat was affected by the developmental stage and temperature, with highest mortality observed with the third and fourth instars and pupal stage. Nematode mortality in the second instar fungus gnat ranged between 23 and 35%, but showed no significant differences among the temperatures tested. The egg and first instar were not infected by the nematode. In nematode dispersal studies, adult female fungus gnats alone dispersed S. carpocapsae from the nematode-treated area to the control area at a higher rate than male and female gnats or male gnats alone. In the propagation house experiments with watermelon seedlings, no significant difference was observed in fungus gnat larval reduction at S. carpocapsae concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 infective juveniles (IJs)/g of soil at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. In comparison with the control, the S. carpocapsae treatments significantly reduced B. agrestis larval numbers. When the watermelon seed was treated with S. carpocapsae at sowing, the larval density of B. agrestis was significantly reduced, that is, the number of B. agrestis larvae ranged from four to eight and from five to eight in the nematodetreated plots compared with 26 and 30 in the control plots on the 17th and 34th day posttreatment, respectively. In the chemical insecticide treatments, diflubenzuron and chlorpyrifos were significantly more effective than S. carpocapsae and diazinon in reducing larval populations of the fungus gnat. Our data show that, although some of the chemical insecticides were more effective than S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain, the nematode was still an effective tool for management of the fungus gnat larvae and in protecting seedlings from damage in propagation houses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Steinernema carpocapsae(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a biological control agent against the fungus GnatBradysia agrestis(Diptera: Sciaridae) in propagation houses

Kim¹,

Choo

Kaya

et al. 2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae) are ubiquitous in greenhouses and are considered a pest of many crops including flowers and ornamentals (Hamlen & Mead, 1979), and cucumbers (Dennis, 1978). Larvae occasionally feed on roots and root hairs (Leath & Newton, 1969;Wilkinson & Daugherty, 1970), predispose alfalfa and red clover to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungus gnats vector Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicislycopersici1

Gillespie

Menzies

1993

Annals of Applied Biology

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Fungus gnat adults transported Fusarium oxysporum f .sp. radicis-lycopersici from Petri dish culture and infected host plants to the roots and hypocotyls of healthy tomato and bean plants. The source of the fungus did not affect the ability of fungus gnats to transport the fungus to healthy hosts. The presence of fungus gnat larvae in media in which young tomato plants were grown did not increase the incidence of plant infection by the pathogen. Fungus gnat adults appear to aid in the dissemination of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici.

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“…Bacillus thuringiensis emulsions (White 1999), insect pathogenic nematodes (Scheepmaker et al 1998) or different insecticides (e.g. Hamlen and Mead 1979). Capture of males or mating disruption with pheromone baits could be an additional strategy for biocontrol, because non-fertilized females are unable to produce any offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex pheromones in three Bradysia species (Dipt., Sciaridae): novel bioassays with female body extracts and fractions

Frank

Dettner

2008

J Applied Entomology

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Females of the fungus gnat species Bradysia difformis, Bradysia optata and Bradysia tilicola are able to produce sexual attractants. In males, the female extracts elicit species‐specific courtship behaviour and attraction in an olfactometer bioassay. Attractiveness of the sex pheromone extracts seems to differ in the investigated species, being highly attractive for males in B. difformis and only moderately attractive in B. tilicola. Female B. difformis are attractive from late pupal stages until death of the imago. In contrast, female B. optata and B. tilicola are not attractive to males before emergence from the pupa and attractiveness decreases in older females. The pheromones seem to be located on the surface of several body compartments of freshly emerged females. Sexual pheromones of all three species represent multicomponent blends and can be separated in several fractions via thin layer chromatography (TLC). Males of all species show courtship behaviour when placed on developed TLC sheets, indicating the position of the biologically active compounds. In B. difformis and B. optata, the most non‐polar TLC fraction is attractive to males, whereas the single fractions of B. tilicola‐pheromone elicited almost no attraction of males.

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Fungus Gnat Larval Control in Greenhouse Plant Production12

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Steinernema carpocapsae(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a biological control agent against the fungus GnatBradysia agrestis(Diptera: Sciaridae) in propagation houses

Steinernema carpocapsae(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a biological control agent against the fungus GnatBradysia agrestis(Diptera: Sciaridae) in propagation houses

Fungus gnats vector Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicislycopersici1

Sex pheromones in three Bradysia species (Dipt., Sciaridae): novel bioassays with female body extracts and fractions

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