Furan and p-xylene as candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer

Jiménez-Pacheco, Antonio; Salinero-Bachiller, María; Iribar, M. C.; López-Luque, Alfonso; Mijan-Ortiz, Jose Luis; Peinado, J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.026

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In agreement with our findings, other metabolomic studies have also observed a trend for increased production of certain aldehydes in PCa compared to control groups. [8][9][10] The levels of nine ketones were also found significantly altered in urine from PCa patients, including 2-hexanone, 2-methylcyclopentan-1-one, 4-methylhexan-3-one, 5-methylheptan-2-one, 4,6-dimethylheptan-2-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone and cyclohexanone (Tables 2 and 3). Of note, increased levels of 2-butanone 10 and decreased Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] The levels of nine ketones were also found significantly altered in urine from PCa patients, including 2-hexanone, 2-methylcyclopentan-1-one, 4-methylhexan-3-one, 5-methylheptan-2-one, 4,6-dimethylheptan-2-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone and cyclohexanone (Tables 2 and 3). Of note, increased levels of 2-butanone 10 and decreased Fig. 2 Description, % of variation and assessment of the diagnostic performance of the 6-biomarker panel using the training (AUC = 0.856; sensitivity = 72%; specificity = 96%) and the external (AUC = 0.904; sensitivity = 89%; specificity = 83%) sets through ROC analysis 5-methylheptan-2-one levels 40 were previously associated with PCa in urine samples and cell lines, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, 57 VOCs were identified, but only nine significantly differed between the two groups, highlighting furan and p-xylene as potential PCa biomarkers. 10 Interestingly, 2-octanone 8,9 and 2,6-dimethy-7octen-2-ol 9,10 were pointed as urinary PCa biomarkers in more than one study. Taken together, these studies provide convincing evidence that volatiles emanating from urine are potential biomarkers for PCa detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the headspace (gas phase) of clinical samples (e.g., biofluids as urine), is a promising new screening tool for several cancers, including PCa. 8 – 10 VOCs are end products of cellular activities and alterations in VOCs profile may reflect modifications in gene activation, gene expression, proteins and activity of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. These volatile molecules endow biological samples with distinct odours which may even be detected by animals with highly sensitive olfactory capabilities, such as dogs, 11 , 12 or sophisticated analytical instrumental techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MVA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These volatile molecules endow biological samples with distinct odours which may even be detected by animals with highly sensitive olfactory capabilities, such as dogs, 11 , 12 or sophisticated analytical instrumental techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). 8 – 10 In this regard, Smith et al 8 studied the urine metabolomics of 13 PCa patients and 24 controls using GC-MS, disclosing 91 VOCs and unveiling significant differences between PCa and controls in 21 VOCs. However, this study has important limitations namely a small sample size and lack of external validation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a biomarker panel for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis by volatile metabolic profiling of urine

et al. 2019

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Background The lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major hurdle to improve patient management. Methods A metabolomics approach based on GC-MS was used to investigate the performance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general and, more specifically, volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) present in urine as potential markers for PCa detection. Results Results showed that PCa patients (n = 40) can be differentiated from cancer-free subjects (n = 42) based on their urinary volatile profile in both VOCs and VCCs models, unveiling significant differences in the levels of several metabolites. The models constructed were further validated using an external validation set (n = 18 PCa and n = 18 controls) to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the urinary volatile profile to discriminate PCa from controls. The VOCs model disclosed 78% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 86% accuracy, whereas the VCCs model achieved the same sensitivity, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 89%. Our findings unveil a panel of 6 volatile compounds significantly altered in PCa patients’ urine samples that was able to identify PCa, with a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 83%, and accuracy of 86%. Conclusions It is disclosed a biomarker panel with potential to be used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for PCa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a biomarker panel for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis by volatile metabolic profiling of urine

et al. 2019

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Prospects and Challenges of MXenes as Emerging Sensing Materials for Flexible and Wearable Breath‐Based Biomarker Diagnosis

Hermawan

Amrillah

Riapanitra

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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A fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non-invasive, low-cost, real-time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface-to-weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy-to-assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes-based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab-scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.

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