Further validation of the chronic pain coping inventory

Tan, Gabriel; Nguyen, Quang X.; Jensen, Mark P.; Thornby, John

doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.09.006

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Descriptively, although all age groups reported pain contingent "resting" about 3 days per week, younger adults reported using this strategy with a slightly greater relative frequency as compared to older adults. This strategy is widely considered to be maladaptive, as it has been associated with depression, pain interference, disability, and pain intensity (Tan et al, 2005) and is specifically targeted by a number of operant and cognitive-behavioral pain management approaches (Fordyce, 1976;Novy, 2004). Although older adults also employed this strategy, its lower ranking suggests that, perhaps as a result of aging or experience, older adults have learned that resting is not as effective for managing chronic pain as are other strategies (e.g., pacing).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants are asked to indicate how many days in the past week they used each strategy at least once to cope with pain. Internal consistency and temporal stability of this measure are quite strong (mean Cronbach's α = .84, test-retest r = .80; Jensen et al, 1995), and predictive validity of the CPCI subscales has been demonstrated through associations with relevant outcomes such as pain interference, depression, disability, and pain severity (Hadjistavropoulos et al, 1999;Jensen et al, 1995;Tan et al, 2005).The version used in the present study included the original 64-item, eight-subscale CPCI as well as a new 6-item subscale assessing the use of activity pacing, such as taking breaks, going slower, and separating large tasks into more manageable components (i.e., "Pacing"). This Pacing subscale has demonstrated adequate validity and reliability in older adults living with chronic pain (Cronbach's α = .79; Ersek, Turner, & Kemp, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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Objective-This article compares use of pain coping strategies among older, middle-aged, and younger adults living with chronic pain and seeks to determine whether the relationship between pain severity and coping is moderated by age.Method-Participants were 464 adults reporting chronic pain secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or neuromuscular disease. Participants completed a survey including measures of pain severity and the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory.Results-After controlling for clinical and demographic variables, older adults (older than 60) reported a wider range of frequently used strategies and significantly more frequent engagement in activity pacing, seeking social support, and use of coping self-statements than did younger or middleaged adults. Moderation analyses suggest that, for younger adults, efforts at coping generally increased with greater pain severity, whereas this relationship did not exist for older adults.Discussion-These data suggest differences in the quantity and quality of pain coping among age groups. Keywords chronic pain; older adults; SCI; MS; neuromuscular diseaseAging is associated with a number of uncontrollable stressors, including retirement, financial strain, bereavement, changes in social support, and health decline (Aldwin, 1990;Krause, Jay, & Liang, 1991;Murrell, Norris, & Hutchins, 1984). Despite this, most research has demonstrated a decline in perceived stress and increase in well-being with increasing age (e.g., NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Aldwin, 1991;Paykel, 1983;Silverman, Eichler, & Williams, 1987). Consistent with this observation, research during the past several decades has examined the ways that older adults cope with stressors and has noted differences in both the process and the content of coping as compared to younger adults. In general, these differences have favored older adults, suggesting more effective coping in later life. For example, from the psychodynamic or developmental perspective, Vaillant (1977) reported that middle-aged men used fewer neurotic and immature defense mechanisms as compared to their younger selves. More recently, Diehl, Coyle, and Labouvie-Vief (1996) reported that a group of older adults reported a combination of coping strategies indicative of "greater impulse control" and positive appraisal of conflict situations as compared to younger adults and adolescents. Studies of standardized measures of coping have also supported these findings, suggesting that older adults generally use less escapism and avoidant coping (Aldwin & Revenson, 1985, cited in Aldwin, 1991 Irion & BlanchardFields, 1987). However, findings of more effective or positive coping in older adults have not been consistent across stressors or populations. Folkman, Lazarus, Pimley, and Novacek (1987) found that older people used relatively more escape avoidance, although this effect could not be replicated by Aldwin (1991). Furthermore, very small (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, 1996) or n...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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“…All participating subjects provided informed consent. Data from these surveys have been reported in previous articles, [43][44][45][46] but the focus of this article differs from those previously published studies. The survey packets included 2 measures of coping, a measure of pain-related beliefs, and several measures of pain and functioning.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the Use of Two-Item Measures of Pain Beliefs and Coping Strategies for a Veteran Population

Tan

Nguyen

Cardin

et al. 2006

The Journal of Pain

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“…The 65-item CPCI assesses eight coping strategies often targeted for change in pain management programs (Guarding, Resting, Asking for Assistance, Relaxation, Task Persistence, Exercise/Stretch, Seek Support, and Coping Self-Statements; Jensen et al, 1995) and has demonstrated reliability and validity in numerous samples of patients with chronic pain Hadjistavropoulos et al, 1999;Tan et al, 2001Tan et al, ,2005.…”

Section: Copingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes after multidisciplinary pain treatment in patient pain beliefs and coping are associated with concurrent changes in patient functioning

Jensen

Turner

Romano

2007

Pain

164

118

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Little is known about how patient functioning changes after completion of multidisciplinary pain programs, and what factors are associated with such changes when they occur; for example, whether improvement or deterioration in functioning corresponds to changes in patient beliefs and coping during this period. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which changes in patient pain and functioning were associated with changes in beliefs and coping after multidisciplinary pain treatment. Patients with chronic pain (N = 141) completed outcome (pain, functioning) and process (beliefs, catastrophizing, coping) measures at the end of multidisciplinary pain treatment and 12 months posttreatment. On average, patients reported similar levels of pain at both times, but showed a small worsening in disability and depression outcomes between posttreatment and follow-up, which were associated significantly with concurrent changes in the process measures. In particular, increased belief in oneself as disabled by pain, catastrophizing, and increased use of resting, guarding and asking for assistance in response to pain were linked with increased disability and depression. Decreased perceived control over pain was also consistently associated with worsening of these outcomes. The results highlight the potential importance of specific pain-related beliefs and coping responses in long-term patient pain and adjustment. Research is needed to determine whether booster interventions after the end of intensive multidisciplinary treatment that target these beliefs and coping responses improve long-term outcomes.

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Further validation of the chronic pain coping inventory

Cited by 42 publications

References 57 publications

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Validating the Use of Two-Item Measures of Pain Beliefs and Coping Strategies for a Veteran Population

Changes after multidisciplinary pain treatment in patient pain beliefs and coping are associated with concurrent changes in patient functioning

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