Further validation of the THINC‐it tool and extension of the normative data set in a study of<i>n</i> = 10.019 typical controls

Dalby, Maria; Annas, Peter; ,; Harrison, John E.

doi:10.1002/mpr.1922

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…above/below normal population scores to determine the presence of cognitive difficulties across the cognitive modules, however this often resulted in extremely small group sizes. Our median scores across THINC-it® modules indicate worsened cognitive performance than recently reported in an analysis of healthy controls (Dalby et al, 2022). Although this is expected in a cohort of individuals with long-standing major depression, it means that we often had very small group sizes, increasing our risk of Type 1 error (McCelland, Lynch, Irwin, Spiller, & Fitzsimons, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…All THINC-it ® tasks have validated against paper and pencil versions (McIntyre et al, 2017 ) and are sensitive to change (Dalby, Annas, & Harrison, 2022 ; McIntyre et al, 2020 ). In addition to cognitive domain scores, subscales can be standardised and combined to create a composite score of overall cognitive function (Cha et al, 2017 ), with higher scores representing increased cognitive difficulties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with major depressive disorder

Matcham

Simblett²,

Leightley³

et al. 2022

Psychol. Med.

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Background Cognitive symptoms are common during and following episodes of depression. Little is known about the persistence of self-reported and performance-based cognition with depression and functional outcomes. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a prospective naturalistic observational clinical cohort study of individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD; N = 623). Participants completed app-based self-reported and performance-based cognitive function assessments alongside validated measures of depression, functional disability, and self-esteem every 3 months. Participants were followed-up for a maximum of 2-years. Multilevel hierarchically nested modelling was employed to explore between- and within-participant variation over time to identify whether persistent cognitive difficulties are related to levels of depression and functional impairment during follow-up. Results 508 individuals (81.5%) provided data (mean age: 46.6, s.d.: 15.6; 76.2% female). Increasing persistence of self-reported cognitive difficulty was associated with higher levels of depression and functional impairment throughout the follow-up. In comparison to low persistence of objective cognitive difficulty (<25% of timepoints), those with high persistence (>75% of timepoints) reported significantly higher levels of depression (B = 5.17, s.e. = 2.21, p = 0.019) and functional impairment (B = 4.82, s.e. = 1.79, p = 0.002) over time. Examination of the individual cognitive modules shows that persistently impaired executive function is associated with worse functioning, and poor processing speed is particularly important for worsened depressive symptoms. Conclusions We replicated previous findings of greater persistence of cognitive difficulty with increasing severity of depression and further demonstrate that these cognitive difficulties are associated with pervasive functional disability. Difficulties with cognition may be an indicator and target for further treatment input.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with major depressive disorder

Matcham

Simblett²,

Leightley³

et al. 2022

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We used a well-defined threshold of scores ±1SD above/below normal population scores to determine the presence of cognitive difficulties across the cognitive modules, however this often resulted in extremely small group sizes. Our median scores across THINC-it® modules indicate worsened cognitive performance than recently reported in an analysis of healthy controls (Dalby et al, 2022). Although this is expected in a cohort of individuals with long-standing major depression, it means that we often had very small group sizes, increasing our risk of Type 1 error (McCelland, Lynch, Irwin, Spiller & Fitzsimons, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…All THINC-it® tasks have validated against paper and pencil versions (McIntyre et al, 2017) and are sensitive to change (McIntyre et al, 2020;Dalby et al, 2022). In addition to cognitive domain scores, subscales can be standardised and combined to create a composite score of overall cognitive function (Cha et al, 2017), with higher scores representing increased cognitive difficulties.…”

Section: 'Objective' Cognitive Difficultymentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with Major Depressive Disorder

Matcham¹,

Simblett²,

Leightley³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Cognitive symptoms are common during and following episodes of depression. Little is known about the persistence of self-reported and performance-based cognition with depression and functional outcomes. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective naturalistic observational clinical cohort study of individuals with recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD; N=623). Participants completed app-based self-reported and performance-based cognitive function assessments alongside validated measures of depression, functional disability, and self-esteem every three months. Participants were followed-up for a maximum of 2-years. Multilevel hierarchically nested modelling was employed to explore between- and within-participant variation over time to identify whether persistent cognitive difficulties are related to levels of depression and functional impairment during follow-up.Results: 508 individuals (81.5%) provided data (mean age: 46.6, SD: 15.6; 76.2% female). Increasing persistence of self-reported cognitive difficulty was associated with higher levels of depression and functional impairment throughout the follow-up. In comparison to low persistence of objective cognitive difficulty (<25% of timepoints), those with high persistence (>75% of timepoints) reported significantly higher levels of depression (B=5.17, SE=2.21, p=0.019) and functional impairment (B=4.82, SE=1.79, p=0.002) over time. Examination of the individual cognitive modules shows that persistently impaired executive function is associated with worse functioning, and poor processing speed is particularly important for worsened depressive symptoms.Conclusions: We replicated previous findings of greater persistence of cognitive difficulty with increasing severity of depression and further demonstrate that these cognitive difficulties are associated with pervasive functional disability. Difficulties with cognition may be an indicator and target for further treatment input.

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“…One limitation is the small sample size of participants included in this study and would require replication considering larger samples. Another is that two of the measures used in the study (the Digit Symbol Substitution Test score and scanpath length) have still to be tested for reliability and validity like the Codebreaker task [31,60]. The effects of possible confounders were also not assessed in details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tablet-Based Cognitive and Eye Movement Measures as Accessible Tools for Schizophrenia Assessment: Multisite Usability Study

Morita,

Miura,

Toyomaki

et al. 2024

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by significant cognitive and neurobiological alterations. Impairments in cognitive function and eye movement have been known to be promising biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, cognitive assessment methods require specialized expertise. To date, data on simplified measurement tools for assessing both cognitive function and eye movement in patients with schizophrenia are lacking. Objective This study aims to assess the efficacy of a novel tablet-based platform combining cognitive and eye movement measures for classifying schizophrenia. Methods Forty-four patients with schizophrenia, 67 healthy controls, and 41 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses participated in this study from 10 sites across Japan. A free-viewing eye movement task and 2 cognitive assessment tools (Codebreaker task from the THINC-integrated tool and the CognitiveFunctionTest app) were used for conducting assessments in a 12.9-inch iPad Pro. We performed comparative group and logistic regression analyses for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 measures of interest. Results Cognitive and eye movement measures differed significantly between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (all 3 measures; P<.001). The Codebreaker task showed the highest classification effectiveness in distinguishing schizophrenia with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Combining cognitive and eye movement measures further improved accuracy with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Cognitive measures were more effective in differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, whereas eye movement measures better differentiated schizophrenia from other psychiatric conditions. Conclusions This multisite study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a tablet-based app for assessing cognitive functioning and eye movements in patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggest the potential of tablet-based assessments of cognitive function and eye movement as simple and accessible evaluation tools, which may be useful for future clinical implementation.

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Further validation of the THINC‐it tool and extension of the normative data set in a study ofn = 10.019 typical controls

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with major depressive disorder

The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with major depressive disorder

The association between persistent cognitive difficulties and depression and functional outcomes in people with Major Depressive Disorder

Tablet-Based Cognitive and Eye Movement Measures as Accessible Tools for Schizophrenia Assessment: Multisite Usability Study

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