Fusaric acid in <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

Porter, James K.; Bacon, Charles W.; Wray, E.; Hagler, W. M.

doi:10.1002/nt.2620030206

Cited by 92 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In particular, FB 1 has been linked to human oesophageal cancer (Rheeder et al 1992) and is involved in several mycotoxicoses (Ross et al 1990). FA affects both brain and pineal neurotransmitters of rats (Porter et al 1995), MON was reported to cause haematological disorders, myocardial hypertrophy, and mortality in farm animals (Ledoux et al 1995), BEA was toxic to several human cell lines and induces apoptosis in mammalian cells (Logrieco et al 2002), and FUP showed cytotoxic activity on human B-lymphocytes and teratogenic effects on chicken embryos (Ritieni et al 1997). It is of concern that all isolates of F. proliferatum we studied can produce at least three of these toxins and that three isolates were able to produce all of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia

et al. 2007

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Fusarium proliferatum can occur on a wide range of economically important vegetable plants but its role in disease is not always well established. In 2000 and 2001, from forty-one field samples of wilting onion and garlic plants in Serbia, F. proliferatum as the predominant fungal species was isolated from root and bulbs. Seventy isolates were firstly characterized for their sexual fertility and were shown to be mostly members of Gibberella intermedia (sixty-seven of seventy isolates, the remaining three isolates were unfertile), the sexual stage of F. proliferatum (syn. mating population D of G. fujikuroi complex). A selected set of eleven F. proliferatum isolates from both hosts were also tested for their pathogenicity and toxigenicity. Although onion and garlic plants were susceptible to all isolates, onion plants showed a significantly higher disease severity index. Six of the eleven isolates of F. proliferatum produced fumonisin B 1 from 25 to 3000 mg g À1 , and beauvericin from 400 to 550 mg g À1 ; ten isolates produced fusaric acid from 80 to 950 mg g À1 and moniliformin from 50 to 520 mg g À1 . Finally, all isolates produced fusaproliferin up to 400 mg g À1 . These results confirm F. proliferatum as an important pathogen of garlic and onion in Europe and that there is a potential mycotoxin accumulation risk in contaminated plants of both garlic and onion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia

et al. 2007

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“…This fungus can persist almost indefinitely in soil due to its ability to survive winter in the mycelial or chlamydospore state, with the result that normal crop rotation is not a practical control measure (6). The species occurs as a soil saprophyte as well as a wilt pathogen of many crop plants, and many of the strains isolated produce FA (2,4,10,35,42). In this study we addressed in vitro and in the wheat rhizosphere the impact of different F. oxysporum strains on a gene critical for the biocontrol activity of the model organism P. fluorescens CHA0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusaric Acid-Producing Strains of Fusarium oxysporum Alter 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 In Vitro and in the Rhizosphere of Wheat

Notz¹,

Maurhofer²,

Dubach³

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

164

103

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The phytotoxic pathogenicity factor fusaric acid (FA) represses the production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), a key factor in the antimicrobial activity of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. FA production by 12 Fusarium oxysporum strains varied substantially. We measured the effect of FA production on expression of the phlACBDE biosynthetic operon of strain CHA0 in culture media and in the wheat rhizosphere by using a translational phlA-lacZ fusion. Only FA-producing F. oxysporum strains could suppress DAPG production in strain CHA0, and the FA concentration was strongly correlated with the degree of phlA repression. The repressing effect of FA on phlA-lacZ expression was abolished in a mutant that lacked the DAPG pathway-specific repressor PhlF. One FA-producing strain (798) and one nonproducing strain (242) of F. oxysporum were tested for their influence on phlA expression in CHA0 in the rhizosphere of wheat in a gnotobiotic system containing a sand and clay mineral-based artificial soil. F. oxysporum strain 798 (FA ؉ ) repressed phlA expression in CHA0 significantly, whereas strain 242 (FA ؊ ) did not. In the phlF mutant CHA638, phlA expression was not altered by the presence of either F. oxysporum strain 242 or 798. phlA expression levels were seven to eight times higher in strain CHA638 than in the wild-type CHA0, indicating that PhlF limits phlA expression in the wheat rhizosphere.Antibiosis is an important mechanism used by plant-beneficial microorganisms to overcome the effects of soil-borne fungal pathogens (44). The polyketide metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is one of the most effective antimicrobial metabolites produced by strains of fluorescent pseudomonads (25, 40) and is effective against bacteria, fungi, and helminths (13,18,23,30,34,39). In Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 and CHA0, the four DAPG biosynthesis genes, phlACBD, are organized as an operon and are indispensable for the production of DAPG as well as monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG), which is either a precursor to or a degradation product of DAPG. This operon is followed by a gene coding for a putative efflux protein (phlE) and flanked by the divergently transcribed phlF gene, which encodes a repressor protein of DAPG synthesis (5,11,38).Environmental factors influence the production of antimicrobial compounds such as DAPG in fluorescent pseudomonads. Variation in the biocontrol performance of these bacteria has been attributed to changes of biotic and abiotic factors associated with field location and cropping time (14, 44). Complex biotic factors, such as plant species, plant age, host cultivar, and infection with the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum, can significantly alter phlA expression (33). DAPG production can be influenced by the carbon sources and minerals present in the bacterial environment. Fe 3ϩ and sucrose increase production of DAPG and MAPG in P. fluorescens F113 (16), but in P. fluorescens Pf-5 and CHA0, production is stimulated by glucose (15, 34). In strain S272, the highest DAPG yield ...

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“…It has been suggested that fusaric acid, another mycotoxin commonly produced by F. moniliforme (51,113), exacerbates fumonisin toxicity (114,115 Masa flour is made from nixtamalized corn. During nixtamalization, corn is boiled under alkaline conditions sufficient to convert fumonisins to their hydrolyzed forms (117,118).…”

Section: Reproduction and Teratology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of rodent toxicities: liver and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme.

Voss

Riley

Norred

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

122

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Fumonisins are produced by Fusarium moniliforme F. verticillioides) and other Fusarium that grow on corn worldwide. They cause fatal toxicoses of horses and swine. Their effects in humans are unclear, but epidemiologic evidence suggests that consumption of fumonisin-contaminated corn contributes to human esophageal cancer in southern Africa and China. Much has been learned from rodent studies about fumonisin B1(FB1), the most common homologue. FB1 is poorly absorbed and rapidly eliminated in feces. Minor amounts are retained in liver and kidneys. Unlike other mycotoxins, fumonisins cause the same liver cancer promotion and subchronic (studies (3/4) 90 days) liver and kidney effects as (italic)F. moniliforme. FB 1 induces apoptosis of hepatocytes and of proximal tubule epithelial cells. More advanced lesions in both organs are characterized by simultaneous cell loss (apoptosis and necrosis) and proliferation (mitosis). Microscopic and other findings suggest that an imbalance between cell loss and replacement develops, a condition favorable for carcinogenesis. On the molecular level, fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase, and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism and, theoretically, sphingolipid-mediated regulatory processes that influence apoptosis and mitosis. Liver sphingolipid effects and toxicity are correlated, and ceramide synthase inhibition occurs in liver and kidney at doses below their respective no-observed-effect levels. FB1 does not cross the placenta and is not teratogenic in vivoin rats, mice, or rabbits, but is embryotoxic at high, maternally toxic doses. These data have contributed to preliminary risk evaluation and to protocol development for carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity studies of FB1 in rats and mice.

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Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats

Cited by 92 publications

References 43 publications

Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia

Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production by Fusarium proliferatum isolated from onion and garlic in Serbia

Fusaric Acid-Producing Strains of Fusarium oxysporum Alter 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 In Vitro and in the Rhizosphere of Wheat

An overview of rodent toxicities: liver and kidney effects of fumonisins and Fusarium moniliforme.

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