Fusaric acid is a virulence factor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense on banana plantlets

Ding, Zhaojian; Yang, Lei; Wang, Guofen; Guo, Lijia; Liu, Lei; Wang, Jun; Jun-sheng, Huang

doi:10.1007/s40858-018-0230-4

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is in line with previous reports in which BEA caused white and dried up in the pseudostems, and black eroded upper tissue of banana plants, and at the same time, BEA is significantly more toxic than FSA [19]. It also confirmed that fungal metabolites possess vital role in disease development [18,19,21]. Moreover, mycotoxins are simultaneously produced by Foc in banana, and it is important that their additive and synergistic effects in the pathogenic process need to be further investigated in future.…”

Section: Developing a Linear Regression Model For Prediction Foc Virusupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Mycotoxin is one of the best studied virulence factors of phytopathogenic fungi [16]. Fusaric acid (FSA), beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) were identified in Foc to contribute to pathogenicity during infection of host plants [17][18][19][20][21]. FSA is a non-host-specific toxin produced by all Fusarium species and plays a direct role in pathogenesis activity by disturbing the metabolism of the infected plant, leading to the inhibition of defensive enzymes and the reduction of cell viability of the host plants [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FSA is a non-host-specific toxin produced by all Fusarium species and plays a direct role in pathogenesis activity by disturbing the metabolism of the infected plant, leading to the inhibition of defensive enzymes and the reduction of cell viability of the host plants [22][23][24][25]. For Fusarium wilt of banana, FSA plays a critical role in accelerating the development of this disease by acting as a phytotoxin through disturbing the leaf water balance and nitrogen metabolism in the host banana plants [18,21]. BEA and ENs are structurally-related cyclic hexadepsipeptides belonging to the enniatin antibiotic family [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Based on the Production of Mycotoxin Using a Linear Regression Model

Shao

Xiang

Wei

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive diseases for banana. For their risk assessment and hazard characterization, it is vital to quickly determine the virulence of Foc isolates. However, this usually takes weeks or months using banana plant assays, which demands a better approach to speed up the process with reliable results. Foc produces various mycotoxins, such as fusaric acid (FSA), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENs) to facilitate their infection. In this study, we developed a linear regression model to predict Foc virulence using the production levels of the three mycotoxins. We collected data of 40 Foc isolates from 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), including their mycotoxin profiles (LC-MS) and their plant disease index (PDI) values on Pisang Awak plantlets in greenhouse. A linear regression model was trained from the collected data using FSA, BEA and ENs as predictor variables and PDI values as the response variable. Linearity test statistics showed this model meets all linearity assumptions. We used all data to predict PDI with high fitness of the model (coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.906) and adjust coefficient (R2adj = 0.898)) indicating a strong predictive power of the model. In summary, we developed a linear regression model useful for the prediction of Foc virulence on banana plants from the quantification of mycotoxins in Foc strains, which will facilitate quick determination of virulence in newly isolated Foc emerging Fusarium wilt of banana epidemics threatening banana plantations worldwide.

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Section: Developing a Linear Regression Model For Prediction Foc Virusupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predicting Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Based on the Production of Mycotoxin Using a Linear Regression Model

Shao

Xiang

Wei

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…A few fungal mechanisms and molecules contribute to the pathogenicity of Foc TR4. These include the effector proteins encoded by the SIX (secreted into xylem) genes (Widinugraheni et al, 2018) and the phytotoxic secondary metabolites fusaric acid (FSA) (Li et al, 2013b;Ding et al, 2018) and beauvericin (BEA) (Li et al, 2013b). FSA is a phytotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and other fungal pathogens (Fakhouri et al, 2003), and known to have strong phytotoxicity to both animal and plant cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusaric acid instigates the invasion of banana by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

Liu¹,

Zhang

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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Fusaric acid (FSA) is a phytotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and has been associated with plant disease development, although its role is still not well understood. Mutation of key genes in the FSA biosynthetic gene (FUB) cluster in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) reduced the FSA production, and resulted in decreased disease symptoms and reduced fungal biomass in the host banana plants. When pretreated with FSA, both banana leaves and pseudostems exhibited increased sensitivity to Foc TR4 invasion. Banana embryogenic cell suspensions (ECSs) treated with FSA exhibited a lower rate of O 2 uptake, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and greater nuclear condensation and cell death. Consistently, transcriptomic analysis of FSA-treated ECSs showed that FSA may induce plant cell death through regulating the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial functions. The results herein demonstrated that the FSA from Foc TR4 functions as a positive virulence factor and acts at the early stage of the disease development before the appearance of the fungal hyphae in the infected tissues.

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“…Gene clusters for FA synthesis have been detected in many Fusarium spp. [15,30], and the deletion of specific genes has been reported to affect the production of FA and related compounds [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Shifting Mycotoxin Profiles of Endophytic Fusarium Strains: A Case Study

et al. 2019

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Fusarium species are known to establish manifold interactions with wild and crop plants ranging from pathogenicity to endophytism. One of the key factors involved in the regulation of such relationships is represented by the production of secondary metabolites. These include several mycotoxins, which can accumulate in foodstuffs causing severe health problems to humans and animals. In the present study, an endophytic isolate (A1021B), preliminarily ascribed to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), was subjected to biochemical and molecular characterization. The metabolomic analysis of axenic cultures of A1021B detected up to 206 compounds, whose production was significantly affected by the medium composition. Among the most representative products, fusaric acid (FA), its derivatives fusarinol and 9,10-dehydro-FA, culmorin and bikaverin were detected. These results were in contrast with previous assessments reporting FIESC members as trichothecene rather than FA producers. However, molecular analysis provided a conclusive indication that A1021B actually belongs to the species Fusarium babinda. These findings highlight the importance of phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium species to avoid misleading identifications, and the opportunity to extend databases with the outcome of metabolomic investigations of strains from natural contexts. The possible contribution of endophytic strains in the differentiation of lineages with an uneven mycotoxin assortment is discussed in view of its ensuing impact on crop productions.

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Fusaric acid is a virulence factor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense on banana plantlets

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Predicting Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Based on the Production of Mycotoxin Using a Linear Regression Model

Predicting Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Based on the Production of Mycotoxin Using a Linear Regression Model

Fusaric acid instigates the invasion of banana by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

The Shifting Mycotoxin Profiles of Endophytic Fusarium Strains: A Case Study

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