Fusariotoxins in kernels of winter wheat cultivars field samples collected during 1993 in Poland

Abstract

In South-Eastern region of Poland (near Lublin), where frequency of scab (fusariosis) is much higher than in other parts of the country, during harvest of 1993 kernels of 25 winter wheat cultivars were collected. On the basis of morphological studies Fusarium graminearum was found in 42% of investigated samples while other fungi appeared less frequently: F. nivale and F. poae (35%), F. avenaceum (31%) and F. culmorum (12%). Chemical analysis (by HPLC) revealed that the tested cultivars were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (96% of investigated samples), its acetyl derivatives (48%), nivalenol (76%) and moniliformin (28%). The average levels of the metabolite concentrations were as follows: 104; 16; 97; and 63 micrograms/kg, respectively. Co-occurrence of 2 toxic metabolites was found in the following percentage of the positive samples: deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (72%), deoxynivalenol and moniliformin, as well as nivalenol and moniliformin (24%). Usually (71-83% of contaminated samples) mycotoxins were accumulated in the concentration range > or = 10, < 100 micrograms/kg.

Cereals and cereal products

“…It has been reported from Japan (Tanaka et al, 1985;Yoshizawa and Jin, 1985), Korea (Lee et al, 1985, the United Kingdom , Poland , Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna et al, 2001, Canada (Scott, 1997), Germany (Müller and Schwadorf, 1993), Sweden (Pettersson et al, 1995) and other countries.…”

Histopathological Effects of Dietary Fusarium Graminearum on Rat Duodenum

“…Fusarium graminearum is one of the most frequently found Fusarium fungi in small-grain cereals such as wheat, barley and rice, 1 -3 causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) 1,4 in wheat and sheath rot in rice. 5 Both FHB and rice sheath rot result in severe economic losses in many countries around the world, 2,5,6 and recent genetic investigations associated with the development of FHB resistance have been conducted.…”

Microscopic Pathology of the Liver in Rats Fed a Fusarium Graminearum-Inoculated Diet

“…24 Interestingly, Martins and Martins 25 determined the presence of DON in 72.8% of 88 samples collected from different wheat-based breakfast cereals marketed in Portugal. F. graminearum was also found in 42% of winter wheat cultivar field samples collected in Poland, 26 and in 52.12% of 165 corn samples obtained from various silo and storehouses in five provinces of a major corn-producing area in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. 27 This suggests that F. graminearum may be a health concern to humans and animals globally.…”