Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

Abstract

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

Comparison on Fusarium Basal Rot Occurrence among Shallot Cultivations in Bantul Regency

“…The symptom was spotted in mature plant and no remarkable difference of symptom found among both altitudes. This result was in line with the typical FBR symptom found in onion reported by previous studies [14]. FBR symptom exhibited might vary depending on the growth stage where the plant was infected.…”

“…Similar to the intercropping, crop rotation also reported as one of effective strategies to manage the infection of Fusarium in many crops. Since the spread of this disease was mainly affected by the inoculum build-up [14], crop rotation might interfere and block this process, thus decreasing the severity resulted. The alteration of crop cultivated might also alter the rhizosphere condition through the emergence of different microbial species and the assembly of different soil microbiome [40][41][42].…”

“…Due to this great diversity, the management of FBR becomes highly tricky and tends to be hardly controlled. Moreover, the infection generated by the complex species of Fusarium also complicates the diagnosis [14], thus leading to difficulty in determining the effective controlling strategy. This mixed infection mechanism also contributes on the symptom multiplicity of FBR disease [15,16].…”

Karakterisasi Jamur Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Basal Rot) pada Bawang Wakegi (Allium x wakegi Araki)

“…Akar dan pangkal batang yang di koloni jamur patogen akhirnya membusuk sehingga tanaman mudah tercabut dari akar. Akar yang terinfeksi tampak berwarna abuabu hingga merah muda, basah kuyup, atau membusuk (Le et al, 2021). Ketika umbi yang terinfeksi dipotong secara vertikal, terlihat warna coklat berair pada lapisan terluar dari pangkal batang (Black et al, 2012).…”

“…Menurut Cramer et al (2021), perubahan warna coklat pada pangkal batang umbi bawang dapat menyebabkan kematian akar, absisi akar, dan kematian tanaman. Kemunculan lapisan absisi (pemisahan) akar merupakan gejala infeksi yang nyata menyebabkan umbi mudah tercabut dari akar (Le et al, 2021).…”