Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat

Šunić, Katarina; Kovač, Tihomir; Lončarić, Ante; Babić, Jurislav; Sulyok, Michael; Krska, Rudolf; Drezner, Georg; Španić, Valentina

doi:10.3390/agronomy11112239

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The analysis also revealed 8.5% of cereal samples non-compliant to the EU legislation for food regarding mycotoxins. Sunic et al (2021) [34] investigated Fusarium mycotoxins levels, including regulated DON and ZEA, in the unprocessed wheat from the seasons in 2019/2020 from two locations (Vukovar-Syrmia and Osijek-Baranja counties), as a part of the study of the impact of Fusarium head blight disease on different wheat varieties. The found data showed a low contamination of naturally infected wheat with DON and ZEA (all below EU limits), but also found higher concentrations in locations with higher precipitation (from Vukovar-Syrmia County).…”

Section: Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-occurrence In Cerealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-Occurrence in Croatian Cereals

Tomas

Bulaić

Nevistić

et al. 2022

Toxins

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A total of 209 samples of various cereal crops (maize, wheat, barley, rye and oats) grown in Croatian fields during 2016 and 2017 were collected to analyze and determine the occurrence and co-occurrence of EU regulated mycotoxins in cereals (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, DON, FB1, FB2, ZEA, T-2, HT-2 and OTA). The analysis, performed by a validated confirmatory LC-MS/MS method based on a dilute and shoot principle, highlighted Fusarium mycotoxins as the main contaminants, often co-occurring in samples from both years (50.0% in 2016 and 33.7% in 2017). DON was found to be the most frequent mycotoxin, present in 72.5% of the 2016 samples and 32.6% of the 2017 samples, while maize proved to be the most contaminated cereal type of both years with FUM as the most abundant mycotoxins, with an average concentration of 1180 µg/kg. Moderate temperatures with periods of high humidity favored the accumulation of DON in wheat samples instead of other Fusarium mycotoxins, while similar conditions favored maize contamination with FUM. A total of 8.3% of all the 2016 harvest samples and 7.9% of the 2017 harvest samples were assessed as non-compliant, containing mycotoxins in concentrations higher than the levels set by the EU legislation for food.

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Section: Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-occurrence In Cerealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-Occurrence in Croatian Cereals

Tomas

Bulaić

Nevistić

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…Disease severity (general resistance) was estimated based on the percentage of bleached spikelets per plot according to a linear scale (0-100%) at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 days after inoculation. All these values were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for FHB severity [46] and additionally values for days when ChlF was recorded (10 and 18 dpi) are presented. Disease incidence (Type I resistance) was calculated as the percentage of diseased ears after assessing a random sample of 30 heads at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 days after inoculation.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disease incidence (Type I resistance) was calculated as the percentage of diseased ears after assessing a random sample of 30 heads at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 days after inoculation. All these values were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for Type I resistance [46]. Additionally, values for days when ChlF was recorded (10 and 18 dpi) are presented.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Efficiency in Flag Leaves and Ears of Winter Wheat during Fusarium Head Blight Infection

et al. 2021

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It causes major reduction of grain yield and quality, while the safety of wheat products is at risk due to mycotoxin contaminations. To contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms governing more efficient defense strategies against FHB, an evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency was performed during different phases of infection, i.e., before visual symptoms occur, at the onset and after the development of disease symptoms. Six different winter wheat varieties were artificially inoculated with the most significant causal agents of FHB (Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum) at two different locations. Photosynthetic efficiency was assessed in flag leaves and ears of inoculated and untreated (control) plants based on measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetics and the calculation of JIP-test parameters. Obtained results indicate that the response of wheat to Fusarium infection includes changes in photosynthetic efficiency which can encompass alternating reductions and increases in photosynthetic performance during the course of the infection in both flag leaves and ears. FHB-induced photosynthetic adjustments were shown to be somewhat variety-specific, but location was shown to be a more significant factor in modulating the response of wheat to Fusarium infection. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetics could be detected prior to visible symptoms of the disease. Therefore, this method could be applied for the early detection of Fusarium infection, particularly the analysis of L-band appearance, which showed a similar response in all inoculated plants, regardless of variety or location.

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“…Culmorin (CUL) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene diol. Like butanolide and other compounds, it is considered an emerging mycotoxin since it is frequently observed, even in high concentrations, in grain and cereal-based products [82][83][84]. F. culmorum and F. graminearum are the two most important CUL producers [53].…”

Section: Culmorinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Environmental Factors Associated with Resistance to Fusarium graminearum, the Causal Agent of Gibberella Ear Rot in Maize

et al. 2023

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Maize is one of the most important food and feed sources at the worldwide level. Due to this importance, all the pathogens that can infect this crop can harm both food safety and security. Fungi are the most important pathogens in cultivated maize, and Fusarium spp. are one of the most important families. Reduction in yield and production of dangerous mycotoxins are the main effects of Fusarium spp. infection. Fusarium graminearum (part of the Fusarium graminearum species complex) is one the most important fungi that infect maize, and it is the causative agent of Gibberella ear rot (GER). The main characteristics of this species include its ability to infect various species and its varying infection pressures across different years. This fungus produces various harmful mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, butanolide, and culmorin. Infection can start from silk channels or from ear wounds. In the first case, the environmental conditions are the most important factors, but in the second, a key role is played by the feeding action of lepidopteran larvae (in Europe, Ostrinia nubilalis). All these factors need to be taken into account to develop a successful management strategy, starting from cropping methods that can reduce the source of inoculum to the direct control of the fungus with fungicide, as well as insect control to reduce ear wounds. But, the most important factor that can reduce the effects of this fungus is the use of resistant hybrids. Different studies have highlighted different defensive methods developed by the plant to reduce fungal infections, like fast drying of silk and kernels, chemical compounds produced by the plant after infection, and mechanical protection from insects’ wounds. The aim of this paper is to review the scientific evidence of the most important management strategies against GER in maize and to highlight the genetic basis which is behind hybrid resistance to this disease, with a focus on genes and QTLs found in studies conducted across the world and with different types of maize from tropical cultivars to European flint.

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Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Regulated Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-Occurrence in Croatian Cereals

Regulated Mycotoxin Occurrence and Co-Occurrence in Croatian Cereals

Photosynthetic Efficiency in Flag Leaves and Ears of Winter Wheat during Fusarium Head Blight Infection

Genetics and Environmental Factors Associated with Resistance to Fusarium graminearum, the Causal Agent of Gibberella Ear Rot in Maize

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