Fusarium wilt of peas (a review)

Alarming occurrence of Fusarium wilt disease in pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivations of Jabalpur district in Central India revealed by an array of pathogenicity tests

“…There are reports which state that Fusarium is capable of remaining in soil for a number of years in the form of chlamydospores. On availability of its host, it can germinate under suitable conditions and infect the host plant (Kraft, 1994).…”

“…It has been established by researchers over a period of time that F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi can be transmitted occasionally by seed when harvested from a wilt infested field (Snyder, 1932;Kraft, 1994). Agarwal and Sinclair (1987) mentioned that Fusarium oxysporum could be a seed borne pathogen under circumstances where the fungus reaches and infects the embryo through the flower.…”

“…Stasz et al (1980) Pathogenic forms of F. oxysporum are reported to penetrate a host root either through wounds or directly through root apices (Nelson, 1981). The most common point of entry into the pea plant by the Fusarium wilt pathogen are the undifferentiated region of the root tips and the cotyledonary node (Kraft, 1994).…”

“…When in proximity to its host under suitable conditions, it can proliferate readily and can also initiate infection. Kraft, in 1994, mentioned that most formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum exist as chlamydospores, which are dormant in decaying host tissue and soil until they receive stimulation to germinate. Propagules can remain in soil for years in absence of host in a dormant state (Roncero et al, 2003).…”

Incidence of Rust, Powdery Mildew and Wilt in Pea and Broad bean Plant of Manipur, India

“…Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium sp. is soil borne disease of worldwide distribution and it is one of the most important diseases of pea and broad bean (Phal and Choudhary, 1983;Lin, 1991;Kraft, 1994;Maheshwari and Gandhi, 1998). The diseases can cause 25-50% yield losses Warkentin et al, 1996), reducing total yield biomass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height and number of nodes (Gritton and Ebert 1975).…”