Futbol Hakemlerinin Öz-Yeterlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to examine the self-efficacy levels of soccer referees in the context of some demographic variables (gender, education level, age of starting refereeing, and ocupation). The study group consisted of a total of 154 soccer referees during the 2017-2018 football season of whom 33 (21.4%) were females and 121 (78.6%) were males from different regions and classifications ( X age = 26.87±1.966). The personal information form and the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS) were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used to identify self-efficacy levels and to identify demographic variables. In order to compare self-efficacy levels in respect to arithmetic means gender and age self efficacy scores, independent t-test was used and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare self-efficacy levels of education level and occupations. The Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to determine differences between groups. The results revealed that the referees' self-efficacy levels were high and there were significant differences in self-efficacy levels in terms of gender and educational status. Thus, it is recommended that higher education level be prioritized during the referee selection and promotion and that experience and physical competence be increased to elevate the self-efficacy levels of female referees.

Psychometric Properties and Reliability of the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS) in Volleyball Referees

“…The results of the analysis also showed that a higher level of education in international volleyball referees was significantly associated with higher levels on all four dimensions of referees’ self-efficacy. This result does not agree with the findings of Karaçam et al [ 13 ], who did not find any association between education and self-efficacy in basketball referees; however, it is in line with the results of a study on football referees determining that the level of self-efficacy and game knowledge of the football referees with a bachelor’s degree was higher than that of football referees with high school degree [ 15 ].…”

“…According to Dereceli et al [15], the years of experience increase decision-making ability, but this is not evident in our analysis. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies that showed a positive association between the referee experience and the level of referees' self-efficacy [14,15,22], but not the one in the research of Dereceli on the self-efficacy of football referees [15] and on the study on US volleyball referees [4].…”

“…The REFS tool, as far as we know, has been used previously in studies about team sports such as football, basketball, handball [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. In the abovementioned studies, REFS total scores and, more specifically, levels of perceived game knowledge and decision-making skills show significant differences according to gender, level of education and level of experience, but these findings are not always confirmed in other studies [ 17 ].…”

Investigating Psychometric Properties of Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS)

“…Araştırmacılar ayrıca dörtlü likert sistemi yerine beşli derecelendirme sistemi kullanarak, ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Analizler sonucunda, ölçeğin Türk popülasyonunda kullanılabilir bir ölçek olduğu araştırmacılar tarafından belirtilmiş(Karaçam ve Pulur, 2017) ve ülkemizde bazı araştırmalarda kullanılmıştır(Adıgüzel, 2018;Dereceli, Ünlü, ve Erbaş, 2019; Eskiyecek ve ark., 2019;Karacam ve Adıguzel, 2019;Karaçam ve Pulur, 2019;Kılıç ve Öner, 2019;Koçak, 2019).…”