Future Challenges in the Steel Industry and Consequences for Rolling Plant Technologies

Buchmayr, Bruno; Degner, M.W.; Palkowski, Heinz

doi:10.1007/s00501-018-0708-x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The challenge in the development of AHSS microstructure is to design the cooling strategy [26]. This depends on the dimensions and capacity of the run-out table after the finishing rolling.…”

Section: Proposed Tmp Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thermomechanical processing parameters on critical temperatures to develop an Advanced High-Strength Steel microstructure

Romano-Acosta

García-Rincón²,

Pedraza³

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci

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A good selection of the thermomechanical processing parameters will optimize the function of alloying elements to get the most of mechanical properties in Advanced High-Strength Steels for automotive components, where high resistance is required for passenger safety. As such, critical processing temperatures must be defined taking into account alloy composition, in order for effective thermomechanical processing schedules to be designed. These critical temperatures mainly include the recrystallization stop temperature (T5%) and the transformation temperatures (Ar1, Ar3, Bs, etc.). These critical processing temperatures were characterized using different thermomechanical conditions. T5% was determined through the softening evaluation on double hit tests and the observation of prior austenite grain boundaries on the microstructure. Phase transformation temperatures were measured by dilatometry experiments at different cooling rates. The results indicate that the strain per pass and the interpass time will influence the most on the determination of T5%. The range of temperatures between the recrystallized and non-recrystallized regions can be as narrow as 30 °C at a higher amount of strain. The proposed controlled thermomechanical processing schedule involves getting a severely deformed austenite with a high dislocation density and deformation bands to increase the nucleation sites to start the transformation products. This microstructure along with a proper cooling strategy will lead to an enhancement in the final mechanical properties of a particular steel composition.

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Section: Proposed Tmp Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thermomechanical processing parameters on critical temperatures to develop an Advanced High-Strength Steel microstructure

Romano-Acosta

García-Rincón²,

Pedraza³

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci

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“…Based on the existing microstructural TMCP models, the entire rolling and cooling process can be much better controlled which leads to narrower tolerances and supports the production of novel steel grades with improved service properties. The consequences for modern rolling mill are discussed at ESTAD2017 in Vienna . Integrated inline models or so‐called Cyber physical systems are going to replace stand‐alone models.…”

Section: Future Developments Of Steel Millsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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The basic concept of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) or thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is responsible for the development of many advanced steel grades with improved mechanical properties during the last 50 years. A retroperspective view, an explanation of the most important influencing factors and a presentation of the enormous benefits for the costumer are given in this review. A sound knowledge on the synergism of recrystallization, precipitation, and transformation phenomena forms the basis to produce fine, homogeneous microstructures with improved properties. Starting from structural steels, improvements can be achieved with respect to higher strength and toughness values combined with better weldability and formability, mainly based on reduction of carbon content and finer grain sizes. The benefits in the application areas are described in detail. TMCP is not only used for flat products, but also for long products and forgings of different steel grades. Physical simulation and modeling contribute significantly to these developments, which also form the basis for computer-aided control or real-time online-models. In the next years, a complete shift to cyber physical systems (CPS) is predicted, which needs an aligned education effort. REVIEW A Brief Historical ReviewSince the mid-sixties, steel mills began to produce fine grained structural steels by lowering the final rolling temperature. Based on fundamental research in Germany, USA, UK, Germany, and Japan, the fundamental understanding was further developed in metallurgical laboratories. Pioneers at that time were Haneke, [10] Schmidtmann, [11,12] Meyer, [13,14] Kaspar, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Streißelberger, [9,15,[25][26][27] DeArdo, [28,29] Jonas, [30][31][32][33] Sellars, [34][35][36][37] Hodgson, [38][39][40][41][42] Tamura und Tanaka, [43] Saito, [44] Ouchi, [45] Militzer, [46,47] and many others. The basic idea was to improve the strength and toughness behavior of structural steels by grain refining. Compared to conventional hot rolling at high rolling temperatures, the new steels were rolled at lower final rolling temperature. It was found that repeated recrystallization of the austenite structures leads to a decrease of grain size, but there is a limit, which is difficult to overcome. Deformation at temperatures, where no recrystallization takes place was successful in the conditioning of austenite having a dense population of glide planes, high dislocation density, and a high intrinsic energy, which provided a high density of nucleation sites for the transformation products of austenite.At the beginning, mainly ferrite plus pearlite microstructures were considered and later the role of rapid cooling became an additional opportunity to increase the strength level.Higher cooling rates or higher undercooling increase the driving force and with a lower diffusivity a finer microstructure like bainite and martensite can be reached.A comparison of the contributions of the strengthening mechanism in a commercial hot rolle...

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“…The production of stainless steel using the electric arc furnace (EAF) process in conjunction with refining methods, such as argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) or vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD), involves several key steps. Initially, a mixture of carbon steel and stainless steel scrap is charged into the EAF, where the electric arc generates high temperatures to melt the scrap into a molten state [1,2]. The other two primary alloying elements used in fusion with iron (Fe) are Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascertaining and Optimizing the Water Footprint and Sludge Management Practice in Steel Industries

Choudhury

Singh²,

Veeraraghavan

et al. 2023

Water

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Steelmaking is a water-intensive process. The mean water intake against each ton of steel manufactured is ascertained as between 2 and 20 m3. Primarily, the stated requirement is in the form of make-up water to compensate for evaporation and mechanical losses and does not contribute to wastewater generation. Conversely, unit operations, such as rolling, continuous casting, pickling, etc., generate highly complex wastewater rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), cyanide, ammonia, non-consumed acids, benzene, toluene, xylene, oil, grease, etc. Further, the conjugative wastewater contains a high concentration of metallic oxides, toxic elements, oil, nitrogen, and heavy metals such as zinc, nickel, chromium, etc. These contaminants are generally treated and neutralized using physicochemical and membrane-based systems. This also yields hazardous sludge, which is landfilled, thereby incurring an ancillary financial burden. However, sludge can be a frugal source of extracting multi-dimensional benefits. The present review investigated and identified the most water-intensive and wastewater/sludge-contributing unit operations and proposed a preferential combination of treatments to balance efficacy and economy. Further, the various global practices for sludge recycling and management documented in the existing literature are summarized and ranked with the help of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The findings revealed concrete making and nutrient recovery as the most- and least-preferred recycling alternatives.

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Future Challenges in the Steel Industry and Consequences for Rolling Plant Technologies

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of thermomechanical processing parameters on critical temperatures to develop an Advanced High-Strength Steel microstructure

Influence of thermomechanical processing parameters on critical temperatures to develop an Advanced High-Strength Steel microstructure

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Ascertaining and Optimizing the Water Footprint and Sludge Management Practice in Steel Industries

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