Future changes in activity structures of the globe under a receding Arctic ice scenario

Megapatterns of global settlement: Typology and drivers in a warming world

“…The definition of areas listed here, is partly based on Valsson and Ulfarsson [15], who define areas that gain or lose by: (a) opening of the Arctic sea routes; (b) areas that will change in land quality with global warming, e.g. by the extension of deserts, as well as development of new prime land closer to the Polar Regions; (c) areas that are affected by changes where most new oil and gas production is located, i.e.…”

The Analysis and Research on Cost Advantages of Ships Sailing on Arctic NEP

“…On the contrary, if the insurance cost raises dramatically, it will increase the advantage of Arctic passages. It is claimed this is one important motivating factor for China's increased interest in the Arctic [2][3][4].…”

“…Emissions will be proportional to the actual fuel consumption. In a future where environmental concerns are more prominent, this is also an advantage that could be used commercially [3,11].…”

“…The north of our country is located within the extension of the Arctic NEP, so the changed of the Arctic NEP are closely related to China, especially the shipping industry of our country. This paper takes the Arctic NEP as the research object comparing with the traditional passage via the Suez Canal, and analyzes the commercial value of the Arctic NEP [2][3][4][5].…”

A theory of the evolution of settlement structures based on identification and use of patterns: Iceland as a case study

“…The forces that have been studied are primarily social forces, such as wealth and poverty. Recent studies have used the concept of push and pull forces to explore physical settlement structures on a global scale [12,13]. There the forces have been viewed as arising due to changes in climate, resources, technology, and settlement structures.…”