Future gear metrology based on areal measurements and improved holistic evaluations

Goch, G.; Ni, Kang; Yue, Peng; Guenther, Anke

doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.046

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A typical gear measurement procedure measures one profile on both flanks of three or four out of all the teeth, measuring one pitch point on each flank, and evaluating the deviations according to the standards [17,18]. Recently, various optical measurement methods have enabled a holistic gear measurement approach [19] and areal evaluation [20][21][22]. Essentially, the optical methods enable a quick acquisition of the whole gear geometry, which can be used to comprehensively characterise the gears' geometrical quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Areal Geometric Quality Characterisation of Injection Moulded Thermoplastic Gears

et al. 2022

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Injection moulding is currently the most widely employed production method for polymer gears. Current standardised gear metrology methods, which are based on metal gear inspection procedures, do not provide the key information regarding the geometric stability of injection moulded gears and are insufficient for a thorough gear inspection. The study developed novel areal quality parameters, along with a so-called moulding runout quality parameter, with a focus on the injection moulding method. The developed parameters were validated on twenty-nine gear samples, produced in the same moulding tool using various processing parameters. The gears were measured using a high-precision structured-light 3D scanner. The influence of injection moulding process parameters on the introduced novel quality parameters was investigated. The developed moulding runout quality parameter proved to be effective in evaluating the shrinkage that can occur in the injection moulding process. The novel moulding runout parameter returned an average value of −21.8 μm in comparison to 29.4 μm exhibited by the standard parameter on all the gears, where the negative value points directly to mould shrinkages. The rate of cooling was determined to be the most influential factor for the shrinkage of the gear. The developed areal parameters demonstrated to be advantageous in characterising the deviations on the teeth more comprehensively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Areal Geometric Quality Characterisation of Injection Moulded Thermoplastic Gears

et al. 2022

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“…With research advancing on cylindrical gear modification, various tooth flank modifications are designed to accommodate to different situations. The traditional processing could hardly realize the manufacture of the complicated modifications, 1,2 which becomes the power to drive the development of gear processing technologies. The advanced gear processing could make any modification tooth flanks possible, but the measuring and evaluation of them are still difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of incident light occlusion during gear measuring based on the line-structured laser sensor and analysis on its influence factors

Kou

Sun

et al. 2022

Measurement and Control

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Line-structured laser sensors used in gear measuring provide a new way to acquire the perfect 3-D information of the complicated tooth flank with modification. This method leads to a series of problems, such as incident light occlusion, multiple reflection, system calibration and so on. The incident light occlusion poses severe problem on the integrity of the gear flank data acquired by the line-structured laser sensors. To understand the influence of the incident light occlusion during the cylindrical gear measuring and improve the efficiency of the measurement, this article analyzes this problem in depth. According to the position relation between the line-structure laser sensor and the gear, the projection theory is used to illustrate the incident light occlusion process between adjacent teeth and the model of the occlusion is built up. Four experiments are conducted to verify the validity of the model. This model applies to the cylindrical gear with different parameters. The influence of the modification on incident light occlusion zone could be ignored. On the basis of this model, the influence of the offset and the setting angle of the sensor on the incident light occlusion problem is thoroughly discussed, which gives a guide to control route planning and data acquiring during measuring the perfect information of the tooth flank.

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“…Independently, Goch proposed an alternative approach that also considered flank modifications [14,15]. An extension of this work, in which the residuals of the fitted flanks are approximated by Chebyshev polynomials, can be found in [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Theory for 3D Gear and Thread Metrology

2021

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We propose a unified theory for the metrological treatment of helical machine elements such as cylindrical and conical gears, worms, and screw threads. The main idea is to introduce a universal 3D geometry model for threaded components that provides for distinct parameterization using a unique set of geometry parameters and that offers and a functional description of the transverse profile. Using modern 3D coordinate measuring technology, a holistic evaluation algorithm yields the actual geometry as the result of a high dimensional best-fit procedure and form deviations as corresponding residuals. All determinants and evaluation parameters can then be calculated from the set of actual geometry parameters. By applying certain constraints to the model to be fitted, the novel method can be reduced to the established 2D methods and hence meets demands for the comparison of the two procedures. The results of the novel approach have proven to be very stable and they enable the evaluation of areal measurements with no loss of information.

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Future gear metrology based on areal measurements and improved holistic evaluations

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Comprehensive Areal Geometric Quality Characterisation of Injection Moulded Thermoplastic Gears

Comprehensive Areal Geometric Quality Characterisation of Injection Moulded Thermoplastic Gears

Modelling of incident light occlusion during gear measuring based on the line-structured laser sensor and analysis on its influence factors

A Unified Theory for 3D Gear and Thread Metrology

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