Future of Cancer Incidence in the United States: Burdens Upon an Aging, Changing Nation

Smith, Benjamin D.; Smith, Grace L.; Hurria, Arti; Hortobágyi, Gabriel N.; Buchholz, Thomas A.

doi:10.1200/jco.2008.20.8983

Cited by 1,563 publications

(1,020 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The first factor is the dramatic demographic shift in the US population towards non-White populations such that by 2042, non-White populations will constitute the majority of the population, as has already happened in California, Hawaii, New Mexico, and Texas (US Census Bureau 2010). A second factor is the disproportionate cancer burden faced by many non-White populations as exemplified by the higher rates of cancer incidence in various populations of color Smith et al 2009). Lastly, racial/ethnic minorities are already underrepresented in clinical trials (Chen et al 2014;Anderson 2004;Bruner et al 2006;Murthy et al 2004) that have been the principal conduits to cancer drug development, and unless these trends are reversed, health disparities will be even more magnified as treatments using personalized medicine technologies increase (Hall and Olopade 2006;Rebbeck et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging diverse populations about biospecimen donation for cancer research

et al. 2014

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Clinical research increasingly relies upon the availability of appropriate genetic materials; however, the proportion of biospecimens from racial/ethnic minority patients and healthy controls are underrepresented, which preclude equitable research across all patient groups for cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute-funded Community Network Program Centers in California, Florida, and New York collaborated with local community partners to conduct three independent formative research studies with diverse (African American, Asian American, Hispanic, and White) participants to explore their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about biobanking, and their experiences with the donation of biospecimens. Our findings demonstrated similarities in overall low knowledge and understanding about the use of biospecimens for research. This was exacerbated for nonEnglish speakers. Racial and ethnic groups differed with regard to a number of factors that are obstacles for participation, e.g., continuing medical mistrust (African Americans), lack of benefit (Hispanics), apprehension about the physical toll of donating (Vietnamese), usage of biospecimen for research (Hmong and Chinese), and suspicion of exploitation by corporate entities (Whites). However, participants uniformly reported general interest and willingness to participate in biobanking for altruistic purposes, particularly to benefit future generations. This interest was framed with a strong admonition that donations should be accompanied by transparency about study sponsorship and ownership, distribution and use of biospecimens, and study information that fit participants' backgrounds and experiences. This cross-cultural regional analysis offers significant insights into the similarities and variations in opinions and perceptions about biobanking and the collection of biospecimens for use in cancer research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging diverse populations about biospecimen donation for cancer research

et al. 2014

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“…1,2 Since the number of older patients with cancer will be increasing over time due to the aging of the world's population, clinicians observed and documented important treatment and outcome variations within this patient group (e.g. choice of therapy, treatment complications, evolution of functionality and quality of life, (overall) survival, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter implementation of geriatric assessment in Belgian patients with cancer: A survey on treating physicians' general experiences and expectations

Kenis

Heeren

Bron

et al. 2014

Journal of Geriatric Oncology

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“…The American Cancer Society has estimated that melanoma, a more aggressive type of skin cancer, would result in more than 73,000 cases of skin cancer in 2015, accounting for nearly 10,000 deaths of the more than 13,000 skin cancer deaths each year in United States (4) . The incidence of all cancers is projected to increase by an average annual rate of 2.25% through the year 2030, predominantly due to increasing life expectancy, and skin cancer will be no exception (5) . Further improvement in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancer is therefore warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varian HDR surface applicators — commissioning and clinical implementation

Iftimia

McKee

Halvorsen

2016

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The purpose of this study was to validate the dosimetric performance of Varian surface applicators with the source vertically positioned and develop procedures for clinical implementation. The Varian surface applicators with the source vertically positioned provide a wide range of apertures making them clinically advantageous, though the steep dose gradient in the region of 3‐4 mm prescription depth presents multiple challenges. The following commissioning tests were performed: 1) verification of functional integrity and physical dimensions; and 2) dosimetric measurements to validate data provided by Varian as well as data obtained using the Acuros algorithm for heterogeneity corrected dose calculation. A solid water (SW) phantom was scanned and the Acuros algorithm was used to compute the dose at 5 mm depth and at surface for all applicators. Two sets of reference dose measurements were performed, with the source positioned at (i) −10 mm and (ii) −15 mm from the center of the first nominal dwell position. Measurements were taken at 5 mm depth in a SW phantom and in air at the applicator surface. The results were then compared to the vendor's data and to the Acuros calculated dose. Relative dose measurements using Gafchromic films were taken at a depth of 4 mm in SW. Percent depth ionization (PDI) measurements using ion chamber were performed in SW. The profiles generated from film measurements and the PDI plots were compared with those computed using the Acuros algorithm and vendor's data, when available. Preliminary leakage tests were performed using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) and the results were compared with Acuros predictions. All applicators were found to be functional with physical dimensions within 1 mm of specifications. For scenario (ii) measurements taken in SW at 5 mm depth and in air at the surface of each applicator were within 10% and 4% agreement with vendor's data, respectively. Compared with Acuros predictions, these measurements were within 6% and 5%, respectively. Measurements taken for scenario (i) showed reduced agreement with both the vendor's data as well as the Acuros calculations, especially when using the 10 mm applicator. The full widths of the measured dose profiles were within 2 mm of those predicted by Acuros at the 90% dose level. The PDI plots and measured leakage dose were in good agreement with vendor's data and Acuros predictions. Based on the dosimetric results, a quality assurance program and procedures for clinical implementation were developed. Treatment planning will be performed using scenario (ii). The 10 mm applicator will not be released for clinical use. A prescription depth of 4 mm is recommended, to ensure full coverage at 3 mm and a minimum dose of 90% of prescribed dose at 4 mm depth.PACS number(s): 87.55 Qr, 87.56 Da, 87.90 +y

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Future of Cancer Incidence in the United States: Burdens Upon an Aging, Changing Nation

Abstract: Demographic changes in the United States will result in a marked increase in the number of cancer diagnoses over the next 20 years. Continued efforts are needed to improve cancer care for older adults and minorities.

Cited by 1,563 publications

References 23 publications

Engaging diverse populations about biospecimen donation for cancer research

Engaging diverse populations about biospecimen donation for cancer research

Multicenter implementation of geriatric assessment in Belgian patients with cancer: A survey on treating physicians' general experiences and expectations

Varian HDR surface applicators — commissioning and clinical implementation

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