Fuzzy‐based secure exchange of digital data using watermarking in NSCT‐RDWT‐SVD domain

Abstract

Summary Due to the remarkable development of Internet technologies, a great deal of valuable digital data is now transmitted over public networks. To guarantee the security of this data during the transfer process, the authentication of its integrity is extremely important. This paper introduces a robust and secure dual‐watermarking‐based fusion of watermarking, optimization, and a compression method utilizing non‐sub‐sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). In our method, we first apply the NSCT to a higher entropy sub‐band of the host image. Then, our method uses RDWT‐SVD on higher frequency coefficients of the NSCT image. A similar procedure is followed for both mark images. Finally, an appropriate scaling factor, as obtained by fuzzy inference system, is used to invisibly embed the singular values of both mark data into the host image. Here, any more important mark data are scrambled before the embedding process. The simulation tests reveal that the proposed technique is not only imperceptible and secure but also robust against common attacks. The suggested method has a superior ability to extract hidden information than previous conventional techniques.

SecDH: Security of COVID-19 images based on data hiding with PCA

“…Although DWT has major advantages of multi-scalability, multi-resolution and space frequency localization, it suffers from the issues of shift sensitivity and poor directionality [19] . RDWT solved these issues as suffered by DWT.…”

“…RDWT solved these issues as suffered by DWT. RDWT is shift invariant and holds all the desirable properties of DWT for robust and imperceptible watermarking [19] . As presented in Fig.…”

“…This combination offers not only the high robustness and imperceptibility, but also increases the mark capacity with linear complexity. RDWT is shift invariant and holds all the desirable properties of DWT [19] . Additionally, RSVD [20] used to embed the mark data in the source image for reducing the amount of calculation, i.e., computational cost.…”

A blind robust color image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform using grayscale watermark image

“…Digital color watermarking methods are generally separated into three categories: 4 robust, semi‐fragile, and fragile. Robust methods have been developed in order to resist all kinds of attacks that attempt to destroy the watermark 5‐9 . These watermarking methods are used for the application areas of copyright, fingerprinting, and ownership.…”

“…Robust methods have been developed in order to resist all kinds of attacks that attempt to destroy the watermark. [5][6][7][8][9] These watermarking methods are used for the application areas of copyright, fingerprinting, and ownership. Moreover, semi-fragile methods have been designed in order to resist some kinds of attacks and to localize the manipulated regions of the images.…”