Fuzzy controller applied to electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission

Fernandes, Marcelo A. C.

doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2016.06.051

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…24,25 For the design of vehicle dynamic VSR, many scholars have presented the method of fuzzy VSR, which can increase the dynamic characteristics of vehicles. 26,27 However, the starting point of fuzzy control is the control experience of designers or the knowledge of experts, which means fuzzy control lacks the selfadaptive and self-learning abilities, and the design rules of steering ratio are formulated by designers. Therefore, if the designers lack experience, the design accuracy of the control rules is difficult to guarantee.…”

Section: Vsr Design Based On Fnnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift

Huang

Xiao

2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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For the TFC35 steer-by-wire forklift, a linear 3-degree-of-freedom forklift model is given, which provides a verification model for variable steering ratio design. The concept of ideal steering ratio is expounded. The variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant yaw rate gain and the variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant lateral acceleration gain are studied. A variable steering ratio algorithm based on two kinds of gain combination is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three static variable steering ratio algorithms based on constant gain are simulated and analyzed. Aiming at complex working conditions, a dynamic variable steering ratio control scheme based on fuzzy neural network is proposed. The definition, implementation steps, and adjustment algorithms of each layer of fuzzy neural network are given. The final experiment results show that the dynamic variable steering ratio method based on fuzzy neural network is more resistant to the disturbance of its own parameters and can be used in complex dynamic conditions, which helps to improve the handling stability of the forklift.

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Section: Vsr Design Based On Fnnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift

Huang

Xiao

2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…The CVT can realize the continuous change of ratio within a certain speed ratio range. The characteristics of continuously variable ratio can adjust the motor operating point more flexibly, improving vehicle energy economy [ 17 ]. The literature [ 18 , 19 ] compares CVT and multi-speed transmissions through simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research [ 21 ] compared CVT and single-speed transmission through experiments and found that CVT brings a 4.3% reduction in energy consumption for EVs. In addition, some scholars design CVT speed ratio control strategies to improve the transmission system efficiency for EVs [ 17 , 22 ]. The existing research on electric CVT focuses on the qualitative comparative analysis of different transmissions, few pieces of literature conduct in-depth research on the efficiency of CVT for EVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Clamping Force Control of CVT for Electric Vehicles Based on Slip Characteristics

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The low mechanical efficiency of metal belt’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) limits its application in new energy vehicles. To further improve CVT efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) with CVT, this paper proposes a pure electric CVT configuration and a clamping force control strategy. The slip characteristics of CVT are obtained through a bench test, the dynamic model of CVT slip is established, and a clamping force fuzzy control strategy is designed. The strategy is studied by simulation under extreme conditions and standard driving cycles. The simulation results show that the proposed clamping force control strategy has good adaptability. Under extreme conditions, this strategy can ensure that CVT does not undergo macro slip, while reducing the clamping force by 12.86–21.65%. Energy consumption per 100 km is 14.90 kWh in NEDC, which is 6.67% lower compared with the traditional strategy. CVT average efficiency and average transmission efficiency increased by 3.71% and 6.40%. The research results demonstrate that adjusting the CVT clamping force through fuzzy control based on the slip rate can improve the CVT efficiency and energy economy of EVs, which provides a certain reference for CVT clamping force control strategy development and the application of CVT on EVs.

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“…After several comparisons with other implementations of the literature, the scheme proposed here showed significant gains in processing speed (throughput) and dynamic power savings. Figure 1 shows the Fuzzy-PI intelligent control system operating a generic plant [4,42,43]. The plant output variable y(t) is called the controlled variable (or controlled signal), and it can admit several kinds of physical measurements such as level, angular velocity, linear velocity, angle, and others depending on the plant characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy-PI Controller Hardware

Silva

Lopes

Valderrama

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This work proposes dedicated hardware for an intelligent control system on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The intelligent system is represented as Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy-PI controller. The implementation uses a fully parallel strategy associated with a hybrid bit format scheme (fixed-point and other floatingpoint). Two hardware designs are proposed; the first one uses a single clock cycle processing architecture, and the other uses a pipeline scheme. The bit accuracy was tested by simulation with a non linear control system of robotic manipulator. The area, throughput, and dynamic power consumption of the implemented hardware are used to validate and compare the results of this proposal. The results achieved allow that the proposal hardware can use in several applications with high-throughput, low-power and ultra-low-latency restrictions such as teleportation of robot manipulators, tactile internet, industrial automation in industry 4.0, and others. such as the tactile Internet [21,22], the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, where the problems associated with processing, power, latency and miniaturization are fundamental. Robotic manipulators used on tactile internet need a high-throughput and ultra-low-latency control system, and this can be achieved with dedicated hardware [21].The development of dedicated hardware, in addition to speeding up parallel processing, makes it possible to operate with clocks adapted to low-power consumption [23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. The works presented in [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37] propose implementations of FS on reconfigurable hardware (Field Programmable Gate Array -FPGA), showing the possibilities associated with the acceleration of fuzzy inference processes having a high degree of parallelization. Other works propose specific implementations of Fuzzy Control Systems (FCS) using the Fuzzy Mamdani Inference Machine (M-FIM) and the Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Inference propose the Takagi-Sugeno hardware acceleration for other types of application fields. This work aims to develop a new hardware proposal for a Fuzzy-PI controller with TS-FIM. Unlike most of the works presented, this project offers a fully parallel scheme associated with a hybrid platform using fixed-point and floating-point representations. Two TS-FIM hardware modules have been proposed, the first (here called TS-FIM module one-shot) takes one sample time to execute the TS-FIM, and the second (here called as TS-FIM module pipeline) uses registers inside the TS-FIM. Two Fuzzy-PI controller hardware have been proposed, one for the TS-FIM one-shot module and another for the TS-FIM module pipeline. The proposed hardware have been implemented, tested and validated on a Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA. The synthesis results, in terms of size, resources and throughput, are presented according to the number of bits and the type of numerical precision. Already, the physical area on the target FPGA reaches less than 7%. The implementation achieved a throughput between 10 and 18Msps (Mega samples per second), and between 490and 882 Mfl...

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Fuzzy controller applied to electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift

Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift

Research on Clamping Force Control of CVT for Electric Vehicles Based on Slip Characteristics

Proposal of Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy-PI Controller Hardware

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