Fuzzy knowledge-based adaptive image watermarking by the method of moments

Abstract

A novel adaptive image watermarking methodology, robust to common signal processing attacks, is proposed in this paper. The introduced watermarking scheme uses prior knowledge in the form of IF-THEN fuzzy rules to intelligently decide the appropriate embedding strength applied to each coefficient in the moment domain carrying the watermark information. Initially, the prior knowledge regarding the amount of watermark information each moment coefficient of the original image has the capacity to hide is used to build an optimized rule-based fuzzy inference system. The resulted system is able to provide the appropriate embedding strength for each moment coefficient, ensuring high imperceptible watermarked images and high fidelity in watermark extraction. Extensive experiments under several attacking conditions demonstrate that the proposed methodology can improve the robustness of the watermarked images by a significant factor up to 32 %, without affecting their optical quality.

Complex Wavelet-Based Image Watermarking with the Human Visual Saliency Model

“…The work in [39] utilized the JND scheme in designing a watermarking method. Besides this, in [40], an adaptive quantization watermarking algorithm was proposed. The term "adaptive" in their work [40] was mainly used to describe a process, behavior, and/or a system that is able to interact with its environment.…”

“…Besides this, in [40], an adaptive quantization watermarking algorithm was proposed. The term "adaptive" in their work [40] was mainly used to describe a process, behavior, and/or a system that is able to interact with its environment. However, in our work, "adaptive" describes the embedding strength of watermark.…”

A Novel STDM Watermarking Using Visual Saliency-Based JND Model

“…3. The JND coefficients are calculated according to Equation (4). According to step (1), the JND coefficients belonging to the "saliency" or the "non-saliency" areas are multiplied by the different modulation factors to obtain the coefficients and form the visual redundancy vector s. 4.…”

“…Recently, the adaptive nature of the proposed moment-based watermarking method, owing to the optimized fuzzy inference systems embodying prior knowledge, is proposed by G.A. Papakostas [4], which controls the amount of watermark information each moment coefficient is capable to carry. Spread transform dither modulation (STDM), proposed by Chen and Wornel [5], is a typical one owing to its advantages in implementation and computational flexibility.…”

A single-end directional relaying scheme for double-circuit transmission line using fuzzy expert system

“…The FES approach played a vital job in the fault directional relaying, classification, and location measurements. The FES design concepts [26][27][28] has been explained. The FES [29][30][31][32] has been used in Lab VIEW.…”