Due to the advantages of resource conservation and less exhaust emissions, compressed air-powered vehicle has attracted more and more attention. To improve the power and efficiency of air-powered vehicle, an air-powered hydraulic vehicle was proposed. As the main part of the air-powered hydraulic vehicles, HP transformer (short for Hydropneumatic transformer) is used to convert the pneumatic power to higher hydraulic power. In this study, to illustrate the energy conversion characteristics of air-powered hydraulic vehicle, dimensionless mathematical model of the vehicle's working process was set up. Through experimental study on the vehicle, the dimensionless model was verified. Through simulation study on the vehicle, the following can be obtained: firstly, the increase of the hydraulic chamber orifice and the area ratio of the pistons can lead to a higher output power, while output pressure is just the opposite. Moreover, the increase of the output pressure and the aperture of the hydraulic chamber can lead to a higher efficiency, while area ratio of the pistons played the opposite role. This research can be referred to in the performance and design optimization of the HP transformers.presented. Furthermore, the mathematic model of the HP transformer was built. By selecting the appropriate parameter values, a dimensionless model was set up. To confirm the dimensionless mathematic model, an archetype was built and studied. Moreover, the output characteristics of the HP transformer can be studied through simulation study. Finally, the influence of the key parameters was showed to get the most suitable value.
Structure of the Power System of the Air-Powered VehicleStructure of the power system of the air-powered vehicle was showed as Figure 1. From the diagram, we can easily get that the power system is primarily comprised by a compressed air tank, the HP transformer and a hydraulic motor. As the most important component of the system, the HP transformer consists of a pressure regulator, pneumatic and hydraulic chambers and an accumulator. Compressed air is stored in the air tank to provide the proper input pressure. The accumulator is used to accumulate and release energy [8,9].