GA-20 oxidase as a candidate for the semidwarf gene sdw1/denso in barley

Abstract

The barley sdw1/denso gene not only controls plant height but also yield and quality. The sdw1/denso gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3H. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the sdw1/denso gene was located in the syntenic region of the rice semidwarf gene sd1 on chromosome 1. The sd1 gene encodes a gibberellic acid (GA)-20 oxidase enzyme. The gene ortholog of rice sd1 was isolated from barley using polymerase chain reaction. The barley and rice genes showed a similar gene structure consisting of three exons and two introns. Both genes share 88.3% genomic sequence similarity and 89% amino acid sequence identity. A single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in intron 2 between barley varieties Baudin and AC Metcalfe with Baudin known to contain the denso semidwarf gene. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker was mapped to chromosome 3H in a doubled haploid population of Baudin × AC Metcalfe with 178 DH lines. Quantitative trait locus analysis revealed that plant height cosegregated with the SNP. The sdw1/denso gene in barley is the most likely ortholog of the sd1 in rice. The result will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling semidwarf phenotype and provide a diagnostic marker for selection of semidwarf gene in barley. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

Induced Variations in Brassinosteroid Genes Define Barley Height and Sturdiness, and Expand the Green Revolution Genetic Toolkit

“…The known Rht gene products belong to the DELLA subgroup of the GRAS protein family, which are thought to function as transcriptional regulators and interfere with the signal transduction pathway of the gibberellin growth hormone (Pysh et al, 1999). By contrast, sd1 and sdw1/denso are involved in the production of gibberellin because they encode gibberellin 20-oxidases of the biosynthetic pathway (Monna et al, 2002;Sasaki et al, 2002;Spielmeyer et al, 2002;Jia et al, 2009).…”

“…Subsequent mutant characterization was limited to intragroup screens and very few allelism tests between mutants from different groups have been reported . Although the total number of short-culm barley mutants exceeds 500 , very few have been characterized at the DNA level (Helliwell et al, 2001;Jia et al, 2009;Chandler and Harding, 2013;Houston et al, 2013). One of the first identified haplotypes was uzu barley .…”

Molecular detection of QTL controlling plant height components in a doubled haploid barley population

“…Among these dwarfing genes, uzu has been widely used in barley breeding in China, Japan and Korea peninsula (Hoskins and Poehlman, 1971;Tsuchiya, 1976;Zhang, 1994Zhang, , 2000Saisho et al, 2004;Ren et al, 2010). sdw1 has been verified in feed barley breeding in North America and Australia (Gymer, 1993;Hellewell et al, 2000;Jia et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2010). denso has been successfully used in European barley breeding (Zhang and Zhang, 2003;Jia et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2010).…”

“…sdw1 has been verified in feed barley breeding in North America and Australia (Gymer, 1993;Hellewell et al, 2000;Jia et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2010). denso has been successfully used in European barley breeding (Zhang and Zhang, 2003;Jia et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2010). In addition to the semi-dwarfing and dwarfing genes, a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) are also known to affect plant height in barley.…”

Barley and Wheat Share the Same Gene Controlling the Short Basic Vegetative Period

“…In this study, seven gene-specific markers were developed from six barley EST sequences using a comparative strategy, which significantly narrowed the region of the BVP-1 gene. In previous research, a comparative genomic strategy was used to identify and clone target genes in barley ( Li et al 2004;Jia et al 2009;Liu et al 2011;Ye et al 2011;Silvar et al 2012) and in wheat (Valá rik et al 2006;Kuraparthy et al 2008;Faricelli et al 2010). …”