Gaba and Depression

Petty, Frederick; Kramer, Gerald L.; Hendrickse, William

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9498-4_4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A metaanalysis of this data shows the finding of GABA reductions in depression to be highly significant. 113 In vivo MRS measures have also demonstrated low occipital GABA concentrations in patients with major depression. 114 This reduction was found even in individuals with mild to moderate depression.…”

Section: Y-aminobutyric Acid-erqic Systems and Mood Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Monoamines: Glutamatergic Function in Mood Disorders

Kugaya

Sanacora²

2005

CNS spectr.

261

152

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The monoamine theory has implicated abnormalities in serotonin and norepinephrine in the pathophysiology of major depression and bipolar illness and contributed greatly to our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment. Nevertheless, some limitations of this model still exist that require researchers and clinicians to seek further explanation and develop novel interventions that reach beyond the confines of the monoaminergic systems. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that glutamate and other amino acid neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Studies employing in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy have revealed altered cortical glutamate levels in depressed subjects. Consistent with a model of excessive glutamate-induced excitation in mood disorders, several antiglutamatergic agents, such as riluzole and lamotrigine, have demonstrated potential antidepressant efficacy. Glial cell abnormalities commonly associated with mood disorders may at least partly account for the impairment in glutamate action since glial cells play a primary role in synaptic glutamate removal. A hypothetical model of altered glutamatergic function in mood disorders is proposed in conjunction with potential antidepressant mechanisms of antiglutamatergic agents. Further studies elucidating the role of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders and studies exploring the efficacy and mechanism of action of antiglutamatergic agents in these disorders, are likely to provide new targets for the development of novel antidepressant agents.

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Section: Y-aminobutyric Acid-erqic Systems and Mood Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Monoamines: Glutamatergic Function in Mood Disorders

Kugaya

Sanacora²

2005

CNS spectr.

261

152

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“…The effects of GABA receptor stimulation on noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission result in a decrease in serotonergic and an increase in noradrenergic activity [Zivkovic et al, 1983]. The results of several studies indicate that patients with major depression have reduced brain and plasma GABA levels [Petty et al, 1993; Krystal et al, 2002]. On the other hand, tricyclics and other antidepressants as well as mood‐stabilizing treatments seem to elevate cortical GABA levels in depressed patients, suggesting that a normalization of GABAergic function may contribute to an antidepressant effect [Krystal et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, tricyclics and other antidepressants as well as mood‐stabilizing treatments seem to elevate cortical GABA levels in depressed patients, suggesting that a normalization of GABAergic function may contribute to an antidepressant effect [Krystal et al, 2002]. Although plasma GABA was considered to be a peripheral marker of depressive disorder, data of several studies indicated that low plasma GABA might not be specific to the depressed state, since it was also found in the manic phase of bipolar disorder [Petty et al, 1993]. On the other hand, a more recent study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that unipolar, but not bipolar, depression may be associated with a reduction in cortical GABA levels [Krystal et al, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation‐dependent and fiber type‐specific transcriptional regulation of the slow myosin heavy chain 2 promoter in avian skeletal muscle fibers

Jiang

Jordan

et al. 2004

Developmental Dynamics

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“…While the relevance of plasma measurements to CNS function is uncertain, the possibility of low central GABA is supported by reports of low GABA levels in CSF of both unipolar and bipolar patients, although in some studies this reduction failed to achieve statistical significance (Petty et al 1993 b). As with plasma GABA, CSF GABA is also reported to be lower in patients with alcohol dependence (Roy et al 1991).…”

Section: Cerebrospinal Fluid (Csf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma GABA levels are thought to reflect levels within the central nervous system , although plasma and CSF measures have not always been found to be correlated (Enna et al 1980). Plasma GABA levels are lowered in some patients with major depression (Petty et al 1993 b). The abnormality in plasma GABA apparently persists at 4 year follow-up (Petty et al 1995) suggesting that it may be a trait marker for vulnerability to mood disorder.…”

Section: Plasma Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA and mood disorders

Taylor¹,

Bhagwagar²,

Cowen³

et al. 2003

Psychol. Med.

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A c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic theory of mood disorders was proposed by Emrich and colleagues (1980) following observations of the efficacy of the GABAergic anticonvulsant, valproate, in the treatment of mania. Since then, increasing biochemical and pharmacological evidence from animal and human studies has supported the hypothesis that mood disorders are associated with abnormalities in brain GABA function.This evidence is now being supplemented by new information from neuroimaging studies, regarding levels of GABA and GABA receptors in mood-related brain areas of depressed patients. In addition, there have been important advances in the knowledge of the physiology of GABA neurones and their interaction with other transmitters implicated in mood regulation, in particular serotonin (5-HT). The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the GABAergic abnormalities that have been reported in mood disorders in humans, and to consider how they might be reconciled with the success of 5-HT-potentiating antidepressant treatments.

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Gaba and Depression

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

Beyond Monoamines: Glutamatergic Function in Mood Disorders

Beyond Monoamines: Glutamatergic Function in Mood Disorders

Innervation‐dependent and fiber type‐specific transcriptional regulation of the slow myosin heavy chain 2 promoter in avian skeletal muscle fibers

GABA and mood disorders

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