Gabinetes generizados. La participación de las mujeres en el ejecutivo nacional y subnacional argentino (2011-2019)

Abstract

El artículo estudia diversas dimensiones de la generizacióndel ejecutivo argentino entre 2011 y 2019.Presenta un análisis exhaustivo de las variables cargoocupado y sexo del conjunto de los 1032 individuosque ocuparon los cargos de ministro, secretario, subsecretario(y jerarquías equivalentes) en las 94 dependenciasde 5 gabinetes seleccionados. Los casosen estudio son los gabinetes nacionales de CristinaFernández de Kirchner (2011), Mauricio Macri(2015) y Alberto Fernández (2019), y los gabinetessubnacionales de María Eugenia Vidal (provinciade Buenos Aires, 2015) y de Horacio RodríguezLarreta (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 2015).

Gender discrimination and merit‐based selection: A case study of Mexico

“…However, when examining women's access to managerial and executive positions (Breslin et al, 2017;Canelo, 2020), it is crucial to acknowledge that these rules operate within a broader system of inequality (Guy, 1993;Hutchinson, 2005;Stivers, 2010), with gender deeply ingrained in "organizational structure and working life" (Britton, 2000, p. 419). This results in an unequal landscape of experiences and opportunities for men and women in the workforce.…”

“…Some scholars study the discrimination of women in public administrations, describing vertical and horizontal segregation (Alkadry & Tower, 2014). First, vertical segregation is related to access to leadership positions and occurs when men tend to occupy higher hierarchical positions (Caceres‐Rodríguez, 2013; Canelo, 2020; Gaete & Álvarez, 2020). Some scholars who study this problem focus on the characteristics of women leaders and the biases that prevent them from adopting certain leadership traits usually associated with male leaders.…”

“…Furthermore, there is also scarce but consistent evidence of gender discrimination in the upper management of public administration (Alkadry & Tower, 2014; Naranjo et al., 2022; Otero et al., 2013). Women have less access to leadership positions (Canelo, 2020; Gaete & Álvarez, 2020; Park & Liang, 2021) and tend to be segregated into feminized (usually less prestigious) domains such as social ones (Krook & O’Brien, 2012; Escobar‐Lemmon & Taylor, 2005, 2009). Given the coexistence of these two phenomena, we aim to identify the existence of gender discrimination at the upper management levels and explore the role of merit‐based competition to promote a research agenda on gender discrimination in the public sector of Latin America.…”

“…We focus on the upper levels of public employment because they represent the “administrative” part of the Wilsonian “politics‐administration” dichotomy (Wilson, 1887), and these hierarchical positions are filled primarily through competitive examinations based on merit. First, we measure vertical segregation, which refers to the structural barriers in organizations that prevent women's access to top positions (the “glass ceiling” metaphor) (Canelo, 2020; Gaete & Álvarez, 2020; Naranjo et al., 2022), and the horizontal one – when women are overrepresented in certain types of occupations and agencies related to social services, such as education or care, and underrepresented in areas such as finance or the judiciary (Krook & O’Brien, 2012; Escobar‐Lemmon & Taylor, 2005, 2009). Second, using publicly available data, we analyze upper‐level management positions filled through merit‐based competitive examinations to examine whether there is less vertical segregation when they are in place.…”

¿Democratización de las elites? El reclutamiento del personal ejecutivo electivo en Argentina (1983-2015)

“…En este grupo de trabajos, sin embargo, algunos estudios se han enfocado específicamente en el análisis de las elites políticas. Sólo para mencionar algunos ejemplos, una importante cantidad de trabajos se ha abocado a indagar en los elencos políticos y ministeriales del poder ejecutivo, tanto a nivel nacional como subnacional (Canelo, 2020(Canelo, y 2021Canelo y Heredia, 2019;Gené, 2019;Giorgi, 2015;Heredia y Gené, 2009;Lascurain, 2018;Perelmiter, 2012;Pereyra, 2016;Salerno, 2019;. En este artículo, analizamos los atributos del personal ejecutivo electivo de nuestro país desde el retorno del régimen democrático hasta los años de gobierno kirchneristas, a través de la pregunta clásica sobre la democratización de las elites.…”