Gain characteristics of Tm-doped fiber amplifier by dual-wavelength pumping with a tunable L-band source

Formation and characterization of ZnO : Tm+optical waveguides fabricated by Tm+and O+ion implantation

“…However, the range of applications of the II-VI semiconductor ZnO, as many other semiconductors, is strongly dependent on the incorporation of the appropriate dopants. In particular, Tm-doped materials have attracted intense interest because they can achieve signal amplification in the wavelength range, the so-called S-band (1450-1530 nm), and can be incorporated into optical communication system as Tm-doped fibre amplifier (TDFA) [5,6]. Several waveguide fabrication techniques have been developed to achieve waveguide structures in optical materials, such as diffusion, ion exchange and ion implantation [7][8][9].…”

S-band Q-switched thulium fluoride fiber laser using graphene saturable absorber

“…In this regard, TDFs have now become the focus of attention for S-band up to L-band amplification, and provide a highly viable option for wide-band optical amplification covering a region from 1480-1610 nm [41,42]. Conventionally, wide-band laser operation from the S-band to the C-band and beyond can only be realized by combining many different types of doped fibers, each operating in its own narrow region [28,[43][44][45], and this incurs significant cost and complexity in the system.…”

Optical amplification in Yb3+-codoped thulium doped silica fiber

“…In terms of TDFAÕs gain in the S-band, it has been reported that around 20 dB has been achieved in 0925 thulium doped telluride fiber [3] and fluoride fibers [4,5] using various upconversion pumping methods. However these thulium doped fibers have difficulties in practical implementation and application, mainly due to the host material instability, problems in fabrication and in connection with silica fiber system.…”