“…The forward and the backward optical fields can be described by the following equations [9,10], where A and B represent the complex amplitudes of the forward and the backward optical fields respectively, 1 i = − , N is the carrier density, g= g 0 (N-N tr ) is the material gain, N tr is the transparency carrier density, α is the material loss, Γ is the confinement factor, 1 2 / sig n c β π ν = denotes the propagation constant, n 1 is the effective refractive index of the active region, ν sig represents the frequency of the input optical signal, and c is the light velocity. Here the two complex amplitudes, A and B, are governed by the following boundary conditions,…”