Gain cross-sections of transparent oxyfluoride glass–ceramics single-doped with Ho3+ (at 2.0μm) and with Tm3+ (at 1.8μm)

Synthesis and infrared spectroscopic properties of Tm3+-doped phosphate glasses

“…The maximum emission cross-section of the 3 F 4 → 3 H 6 laser transition is 6.42 × 10 −21 cm 2 at room temperature. This value obtained for the studied glass is about 1.86 times larger than that obtained for ZBLAN [7] and oxifluoride [40] glasses. However, it is almost 1.2 times smaller than that of oxifluoride glass-ceramics [40] and germanate glasses [25].…”

Tm3+ doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Na2O glasses for 1.8μm fluorescence

“…(10) and (11), the values of the peak absorption and emission cross-sections for BGN-1-6 samples decrease gradually with increasing Tm 3+ concentration. [18], tellurite [26] and germanate glasses [27], but is smaller than phosphate [28], ZBLAN [19,29] glasses, and oxyfluoride glass-ceramics [30]. The large value of r e  s R indicates that the BGN glass is promising material for optical amplification.…”

“…If we assume that Tm 3+ ions are either in the ground state or in the upper laser level, the gain cross-section r g can be calculated by [30]:…”

Enhanced mid-IR emission in Yb3+–Tm3+ co-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics

“…The structural and spectroscopic characteristics of these materials are presented in this paper. According to the Judd-Ofelt theory [14,15], the J-O parameters˝ ( = 2, 4, 6), spontaneous radiative transition rates, radiative lifetimes and fluorescence branching ratios of rare-earth ions in both as-prepared glasses and glass ceramics were also calculated.…”