Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

Al-Azzawi, Alabbas A.; Almukhtar, Aya A.; Dhar, Anirban; Paul, Mukul Chandra; Ahmad, Harith; Altuncu, Ahmet; Apsari, Retna; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi

doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2020.0072

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, we can still expect SOAs to improve significantly over time. SOAs can more easily achieve more than 60 nm of 3 dB gain bandwidth, which is a more difficult challenge for EDFAs [7,75]. Therefore, SOAs still have great potential in areas such as optical communications.…”

Section: Low-noise Figure (Nf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the larger linewidth of SOA results in fewer channels to accommodate in S-band and L-band compared to EDFA, the wider gain bandwidth of SOAs can provide new possibilities for expanding the bandwidth resources towards the S-band. By expanding new bandwidth resources, the channel transmission capacity can be further improved [5][6][7][8]. Secondly, in the field of space laser communication, the traditional solution is to use a semiconductor laser with a fiber amplifier above the Watt level as the space laser transmitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

Tang,

Yang,

Qin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The 1550 nm band semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has great potential for applications such as optical communication. Its wide-gain bandwidth is helpful in expanding the bandwidth resources of optical communication, thereby increasing total capacity transmitted over the fiber. Its relatively low cost and ease of integration also make it a high-performance amplifier of choice for LiDAR applications. In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum-well (QW) material systems, SOAs have gradually overcome the shortcomings of polarization sensitivity and high noise. The research on quantum-dot (QD) materials has further improved the noise characteristics and transmission loss of SOAs. The design of special waveguide structures—such as plate-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers and tapered amplifiers—has also increased the saturation output power of SOAs. The maximum gain of the SOA has been reported to be more than 21 dB. The maximum saturation output power has been reported to be more than 34.7 dBm. The maximum 3 dB gain bandwidth has been reported to be more than 120 nm, the lowest noise figure has been reported to be less than 4 dB, and the lowest polarization-dependent gain has been reported to be 0.1 dB. This study focuses on the improvement and enhancement of the main performance parameters of high-power SOAs in the 1550 nm band and introduces the performance parameters, the research progress of high-power SOAs in the 1550 nm band, and the development and application status of SOAs. Finally, the development trends and prospects of high-power SOAs in the 1550 nm band are summarized.

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Section: Low-noise Figure (Nf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

Tang,

Yang,

Qin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Where σ a (λ) is the absorption cross-section, OD (λ) is the optical density, N is the concentration of ions and l is the thickness of the sample. According to McCumber theory [25], the emission cross-section σ e (λ) can be calculated by formula (3):…”

Section: Absorption and Emission Cross-sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quartz-based Er 3+ -doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) have been performed for many years [2]. However, the development of new generation communication demands for broadband emissions at wavelength longer than 1610 nm (L+ band) furtherly [3]. Besides, EDFA is difficult to achieve a flat and efficient gain spectrum in L+ band due to the characteristics of Er 3+ spectrum in silica glass [4].Instead, among glass hosts, phosphate glass shows many advantages such as mature manufacture technology, high transparency, high doped concentration and large-scale component adjustment [5], [6].…”

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Investigation of Er³⁺-Doped Phosphate Glass for L+ Band Optical Amplification

et al. 2021

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In this work, Er 3+ -doped phosphate glass with good flatness of the emission spectrum of the L+ band was prepared by optimizing the content of BaO. The absorption and emission spectra were measured. Increase of BaO content is conducive to the broadening of the emission spectrum in the L+ band. The dependence of flatness with Raman intensity has been shown by linear fitting. The results show that B31 sample has best flatness of the emission spectrum in the L+ band. It is showed that the largest emission cross-section at 1630 nm is 0.0529 × 10 -20 cm 2 and higher than other Er 3+ -doped phosphate glass. Decay curves of the 4 I 13/2 level were measured and the longest fluorescent lifetime is 10.18 ms and longer than other glass except germinate glass. The broadening of the Er 3+ -doped phosphate glass spectrum of the L+ band has been achieved successfully, which provides a reference for the material of optical amplifiers. Index Terms-Optical amplifier, Er 3+ -doped phosphate glass, L+ band, Raman spectrum. I. INTRODUCTIONS INCE 1980s, Er 3+ -doped fibers have been developed as optical amplifiers and been found important applications in optical communications [1]. Quartz-based Er 3+ -doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) have been performed for many years [2]. However, the development of new generation communication demands for broadband emissions at wavelength longer than 1610 nm (L+ band) furtherly [3]. Besides, EDFA is difficult to achieve a flat and efficient gain spectrum in L+ band due to the characteristics of Er 3+ spectrum in silica glass [4].Instead, among glass hosts, phosphate glass shows many advantages such as mature manufacture technology, high transparency, high doped concentration and large-scale component adjustment [5], [6]. Meanwhile, the spectroscopic properties of Er 3+ in phosphate glass can be widely adjusted by changing the composition [7]. For instance, the emission line width of rare Manuscript

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Impact Investigation for Gain Flattening Optimization of EDFA-Based Systems for Long-Haul WDM Applications

Kaur,

Sidhu

2024

Intelligent Systems Design and Applications

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Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

Investigation of Er³⁺-Doped Phosphate Glass for L+ Band Optical Amplification

Impact Investigation for Gain Flattening Optimization of EDFA-Based Systems for Long-Haul WDM Applications

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Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

A Review of High-Power Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in the 1550 nm Band

Investigation of Er3+-Doped Phosphate Glass for L+ Band Optical Amplification

Impact Investigation for Gain Flattening Optimization of EDFA-Based Systems for Long-Haul WDM Applications

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Investigation of Er³⁺-Doped Phosphate Glass for L+ Band Optical Amplification