Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function

Grant, Alfred D.

doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1210

Cited by 60 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…That can trend can continue to increase by a factor of two, whereas in the ground phase, the impact is relatively small. Although there are various methods for observing and analyzing gait, including video capture in the laboratory or wearable inertial sensor devices [ 26 ], a single gait cycle is still divided into support and swing phases, and the heeling ground, neutral, and ground-free phases are taken as the landmark events in the gait cycle [ 27 ]. The landing phase, the moment when the heel touches the ground, is the beginning of the support phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Talar Osteochondral Defects of Different Depths on Ankle Joint Stability

Wei

2020

Med Sci Monit

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Background Talus cartilage injury leads to changes in biomechanics of the ankle joint and ultimately affects ankle joint function, but which talus cartilage defects require surgery is still uncertain. This research used a finite element method to simulate the effect of different depth of talus cartilage defects on the stress and stability of the ankle joint in a certain area. Material/Methods A three-dimensional finite element model with different depths of osteochondral defects was created to simulate and calculate joint stress and displacement of the articular surface of the distal tibia and the proximal talus while the ankle joint was in the push-off, midstance, and heel-strike phases. Results The equivalent stress of the proximal talus did not change significantly at a defect depth of 1 mm, whereas the equivalent stress of the upper talus increased significantly at a defect depth of ≥3 mm or more, reaching a maximum value at a defect depth of 10 mm. The equivalent stress of the tibial cartilage and the equivalent stress and displacement in the corresponding forces in the midstance phase and heel-strike phase were significantly different from those in the normal group, but the difference in stress in each defect group was not obvious. Conclusions The effect of cartilage defects of the talus on biomechanics of the ankle is clear, especially in the midstance and push-off phases. When the defect reaches the subchondral bone (at a depth of 3 mm), the most obvious change in ankle joint stability occurs, and it does not increase linearly with the increase in depth of the defect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Talar Osteochondral Defects of Different Depths on Ankle Joint Stability

Wei

2020

Med Sci Monit

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“…Because no previous study assessed the FDL activity change with orthoses, the results cannot be compared to those of other researches. In normal gait, the FDL contracts from midstance to toe off during gait 17 ) . Similar to TP, FDL isometrically contracts to maintain the height of the longitudinal arch of the foot thereby improving the propulsion force transmission efficacy 6 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf muscle activity alteration with foot orthoses insertion during walking measured by fine-wire electromyography

et al. 2016

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[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to assess the muscle activity change of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and peroneus longus during gait with orthoses. [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen healthy males participated in this study. Activity of each muscle was measured by using fine-wire and surface electromyography. Gait task was performed by the participants barefoot, with footwear and with orthoses. The electromyography data from a stance phase of each gait trial were used for analysis. The stance phase was divided into contact, midstance, and propulsion phases. The data from ten participants were extracted for final analysis, as electromyography measurements were unsuccessful for the other six. [Results] The results demonstrated that orthoses significantly reduced the tibialis posterior muscle activity in the propulsion phase compared to that in the barefoot condition. Although there was a significant difference in the midstance phase, post hoc analysis did not indicate significant differences among the phases. No significant electromyography amplitude change was detected in flexor digitorum longus and peroneus longus. [Conclusion] Orthothes reduced the tibialis posterior activity level during gait. This result may be beneficial for patients with injuries related to excessive activity of tibialis posterior.

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“…We selected the flexion angle ROM as a primary kinematic parameter based on its wide applications. 25,26 The average flexion angle ROM was found to be 22.9°for the GJH group and 18.2°for the Control group at 3.0 km/h. The power (1-β) was set to 0.8.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Kinematic alterations of the ankle in subjects with generalized joint hypermobility compared with the controls: A cross-sectional study

Chen

Zeng

Xie

et al. 2022

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)

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IntroductionGeneralized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a hereditary connective tissue disease in which the range of motion (ROM) of multiple joints exceeds the normal range, and the ROM varies with age, gender, and ethnicity. At present, the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) of ankle kinematics among people with GJH have not been studied. To investigate the kinematic characteristics in the ankle during treadmill gait of university students with generalized joint hypermobility compared to normal participants. We hypothesized that compared to the participants in the control group, those with GJH would exhibit kinematic characteristics of poorer active motion stability in the ankle during treadmill gait.MethodsHealthy university student volunteers aged 18–24 (excluding those with a history of ankle trauma, etc.) were recruited and divided into a control group (50 volunteers) and a GJH group (Beighton score ≥4, 50 volunteers). Data of the 6-DOF kinematics of ankle was collected using a 3D gait analysis system. Variables were evaluated using independent t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.ResultsIn the proximal/distal parameter, proximal displacement was significantly increased in the GJH group compared with the control group during 4–9% and 96–97% of the gait phase (loading response and terminal swing phase), with an increase of (0.1–0.2 cm, p < .05). Regarding the proximal/distal, internal/external, plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, and anterior/posterior parameters, the participants with GJH exhibited greater ROM than those in the control group throughout the gait cycle (0.24 ± 0.22 cm vs. 0.19 ± 0.15 cm, p = 0.047, 5.56 ± 2.90° vs. 4.48 ± 3.30°, p = .020, 23.05 ± 5.75° vs. 20.36 ± 4.91°, p < .001, 0.65 ± 0.30 cm vs. 0.55 ± 0.27 cm, p = .018). However, ROM of inversion/eversion translation was found to be decreased in the GJH group compared to the control group (8.92 ± 1.59° vs. 9.47 ± 1.37°, p = .009). In addition, there was no statistical difference between the GJH group and the control group in ROM of medial/lateral translation (0.05 ± 0.06 cm vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 cm, p = .131).ConclusionOur results confirm that our hypothesis is not valid. Although there were a few differences in each gait parameter of the ankle between the GJH group and the control group, the difference was not significant. These results indicate that the presence of GJH has less effect on ankle kinematics and enhance our knowledge of the relationship between GJH and 6-DOF of ankle kinematics.

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Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function

Abstract: The aim of this second edition is to analyze gait further by bringing the relevant data up to date and covering current research, more sophisticated methods, and the latest equipment available.

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Talar Osteochondral Defects of Different Depths on Ankle Joint Stability

Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Talar Osteochondral Defects of Different Depths on Ankle Joint Stability

Calf muscle activity alteration with foot orthoses insertion during walking measured by fine-wire electromyography

Kinematic alterations of the ankle in subjects with generalized joint hypermobility compared with the controls: A cross-sectional study

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