Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway

McIntosh, Andrew S.; Beatty, Karen T.; Dwan, Leanne N.; Vickers, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.07.025

Cited by 327 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On ascent, similar to what some studies (17,23,26) have observed both the DG as well as the CG increased hip flexion during gait to adjust the foot to surface inclination, from the initial contact, and this would be directly related to the degree of inclination. This strategy was observed as being influenced by the inclination surface but not by the group type, which for some researchers (4,5), is due to the DG flexor pattern.…”

Section: Angular Variablessupporting

confidence: 86%

Spastic diparetic does not directly affect the capacity to ascend and descend access ramps: three-dimensional analysis

2017

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Introduction: Diplegic children have difficulties in gait and therefore ramps are used as strategies of accessibility. Objective: The present study investigated the influence of an inclined surface (ascending and descending) on the kinematic characteristics during gait of the diplegic group (DG) when compared to typically developing children of the control group (CG). Methods: Study participants included 20 children (10 with DG and 10 CG) matched by age, which were evaluated in three experimental conditions (horizontal and inclined ascending and inclined descending surfaces of 7º) through an optoelectronic imaging system. Results: Among the linear kinematic variables, only step width differed among groups, however, without influence of the surface. The foot height differed among the groups only in the descending phase, where DG had greater difficulty in raising the foot. The 3-dimensional gait analyses could not provide more evidences of differences in kinematics variables, especially in transverse plane, between DG and CG, but provide some evidence to support that hip range of motion (ROM) during the gait cycle, hip flexion-extension in initial contact, knee ROM and the 2nd anterior-posterior trunk peak amplitude of the DG were influenced on descent by their flexor pattern. Conclusion: The DG was most affected by the inclination plane than CG especially on descent. Although a hip and knee flexor pattern is evident for DG on inclination of 7º, this angle is accessible since it allows independent gait functional activity.

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Section: Angular Variablessupporting

confidence: 86%

Spastic diparetic does not directly affect the capacity to ascend and descend access ramps: three-dimensional analysis

2017

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“…For the sagittal plane, our results showed that flexion of the lower extremities generally increased as slope inclination increased, and they were in accordance with previous studies 4,[23][24][25] . According to the normal gait mechanism in humans 20,23,[26][27][28][29] , the first rising curve should occur in the course of pullup when lifting body weight in the sagittal plane.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Han

Kwon²,

Park

et al. 2009

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of gait strategy, by measurement of gait parameters and kinematic data of the lower limbs during walking on slopes with four different incline angles.[Subjects] A total of 23 healthy adults were recruited for the study.[Methods] Threedimensional kinematic data were measured with a camera-based system, while subjects walked on an upslope at four different inclinations (0°, 8°, 16°, 24°). Data analyses were conducted using ANOVA with repeated measurements to determine the difference of gait parameters according to the slope inclinations.[Results] The kinematics during ascent of the slopes could be clearly distinguished from the kinematics of level walking. Spatio-temporal parameters were significantly affected by slope inclinations. The joint angle of the lower extremities in the sagittal plane was increased at slope inclinations greater than 16°. Ankle and knee joint angles in the frontal plane increased on the 16° and 24° slopes, and the hip joint angle increased on the 24° slope. The knee joint angle only increased on the 24° slope in the horizontal plane.[Conclusion] Alterations of the lower extremities in the sagittal plane were greater than in the other planes and the joint angles of the lower extremities were generally changed on slope of 16° or greater inclination. These results indicate the optimal inclination for slope climbing and may provide therapists with valuable therapeutic strategies for gait training on an inclined slope for patients with locomotion dysfunction.

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“…Kawamura and Sun reported a similar results but McIntosh and Leroux reported the opposite 21,22,24,27) . A possible reason for the differences in our finding is that under constant speed, subjects tried not to push back from the slope, which would result in increased cadence, but decreased step length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Other studies used self-selected walking speeds and reported different walking speeds as the incline angle increased 21,22,26) . McIntosh et al 27) reported that the walking speed increased with incline while the other studies 21,22,26) walking speed decreased as the incline angle increased. The gait parameters at a 9% treadmill incline showed significant changes in single limb support, double limb support, stance phase and swing phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A possible reason for the differences in our finding is that under constant speed, subjects tried not to push back from the slope, which would result in increased cadence, but decreased step length. McIntosh explained the reason for their differing results as being the short walkway (7 m) which did not allow subjects to settle into a regular gait pattern, implying a longer walkway and an additional method for measuring stride length and cadence are necessary 27) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Normal Adult Physiological States and Gait Parameters with Treadmill Inclined

et al. 2012

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the standard alterations in normal adult physiological states and gait parameters resulting from changes in treadmill slope during the use of the treadmill as a medical reference.[Subjects] The subjects of this study were 12 normal, healthy volunteers without any orthopedic, respiratory or cardiovascular system problems.[Methods] The gait of subjects was measured using Optogait on an inclined treadmill for 3 minutes. Gait was measured at slopes of 0%, 9% and 18%. The subjects wore a Pansystolic murmur (PSM) training device over their xiphoid process in order to measure physiological changes. The speed of the treadmill was fixed at 5.0 km/h in order to maintain a constant walking speed.[Results] The subjects' gait parameters were observed to change significantly between slopes of 0% and 18% and the physiological states which showed significant changes were average heart rate, recovery heart rate, average respiratory rate, and angular displacement of the trunk.[Conclusion] The results of this study may be used as a medical reference for gait training on a treadmill, especially for treadmills with adjustable gradients.

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Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway

Cited by 327 publications

References 19 publications

Spastic diparetic does not directly affect the capacity to ascend and descend access ramps: three-dimensional analysis

Spastic diparetic does not directly affect the capacity to ascend and descend access ramps: three-dimensional analysis

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis during Upslope Walking with Different Inclinations by Healthy Adults

Changes of Normal Adult Physiological States and Gait Parameters with Treadmill Inclined

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