Gait Kinematics in Below-Knee Child Amputees: A Force Plate Analysis

Lewallen, R; Dyck, George; Quanbury, Arthur O.; Ross, Karyn; Letts, Merv

doi:10.1097/01241398-198605000-00006

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…6,[12][13][14]17 Soares 6 and Tonon and Avila 14 reported smaller magnitude and slower growth in the vertical GRF component in the PL. Lewallen et al 23 found the same in children, which was related to an attempt to increase the inter-limb symmetry. According to these authors, the smaller magnitude and slower growth of the force was a consequence from reductions in the speed of gait and length of stride, and increases in the duration of double limb stance and support in the PL, compared with the NAL.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of Locomotion For Transtibial Amputeesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biomechanical parameters of gait among transtibial amputees: a review

Soares

Yamaguti²,

Mochizuki

et al. 2009

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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Rehabilitation for lower-limb amputees needs to focus on restoration of daily functions and independent locomotion. As gait is reestablished, reorganization of the motor pattern takes place in order to optimize the functions of the locomotor system. Biomechanics is a field of study that enables understanding of this reorganization. From such knowledge, appropriate strategies for recovering the autonomy of the means of locomotion can be established. Thus, this paper had the aim of reviewing the current status of the biomechanics of locomotion among unilateral transtibial amputees. To achieve this aim, papers written in English or Portuguese and published up to 2005 were selected from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) and Dedalus databases. In cases of transtibial amputation, the absence of plantar flexors negatively affects locomotion. Increased absorption and energy generation by the muscles that control the hip joint of the amputated leg can be considered to be the main compensatory strategy developed by unilateral transtibial amputees during gait. Factors associated with the characteristics of the amputation, prosthesis and experimental protocol used directly influence the results.

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Section: Biomechanics Of Locomotion For Transtibial Amputeesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biomechanical parameters of gait among transtibial amputees: a review

Soares

Yamaguti²,

Mochizuki

et al. 2009

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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“…Knee moments and gait pattern-force vector diagrams were reported for one above-knee amputee. The authors noted differences between the subject's prosthetic and contralateral sides, however, they were only able to conclude that this type of analysis is valuable in evaluating amputee Lewallen et al (1986) have produced the only study evaluating the development of amputee gait in children with respect to potential long term influences. This study compared kinematic and kinetic parameters of a normal and amputee paediatric population (6 amputees, 6 nonamputees) in an attempt to determine whether the loss of a limb segment results in increased forces across the intact joints of the normal limb.…”

Section: G R B Hurley R Mckenney M Robinson M Zadravec Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase in the amputee population warrants research that attempts to address issues relevant to prosthetic management. It is clinically valuable to understand the role of the contralateral limb in amputee gait since, if the joint forces in the contralateral limb exceed natural limits, the individual may be predisposed to premature degenerative arthritis (Lewallen et al, 1986). Ia an attempt to equalize step length, improve balance and ensure knee stability, the prosthetist strives to achieve a symmetrical gait pattern when aligning and fitting an amputee with a prosthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the contralateral limb in below-knee amputee gait

Hurley

McKenney²,

Robinson³

et al. 1990

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Very little quantitative biomechanical research has been carried out evaluating issues relevant to prosthetic management. The literature available suggests that amputees may demonstrate an asymmetrical gait pattern. Furthermore, studies suggest that the forces occurring during amputee gait may be unequally distributed between the contralateral and prosthetic lower limbs/This study investigates the role of the contralateral limb in amputee gait by determining lower limb joint reaction forces and symmetry of motion in an amputee and non-amputee population. Seven adult below-knee amputees and four non-amputees participated in the study. Testing involved collection of kinematic coordinate data employing a WATSMART video system and ground reaction force data using a Kistler force plate. The degree of lower limb symmetry was determined using bilateral angle-angle diagrams and a chain encoding technique. Ankle, knee and hip joint reaction forces were estimated in order to evaluate the forces acting across the joints of the amputee's contralateral limb. The amputees demonstrated a lesser degree of lower limb symmetry than the non-amputees. This asymmetrical movement was attributed to the inherent variability of the actions of the prosthetic lower limb. The forces acting across the joints of the contralateral limb were not significantly higher than that of the non-amputee. This suggests that, providing the adult amputee has a good prosthetic fit, there will not be increased forces across the joints of the contralateral limb and consequently no predisposition for the long-term wearer to develop premature degenerative arthritis.

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“…Means and standard deviations () for the nine domains and the total score of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire [PEQ]. 1779 (13) 79 (25) 98 (4) 73 (17) 94 (12) 65 (29) 82 (16) 86 (13) 82 (11) Unrectified 81 (21) 79 (14) 73 (32) 91 (14) * 76 (17) 92 (13) 71 (27) 80 (17) 85 (20) 81 (13) Ambula=Ambulation, Appear=Appearance, Frust=Frustration, PercResp=Perceived Response, ResLimb=Residual Limb Health, SocBurd=Social Burden, WellBe=Well Being…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Rectified and Unrectified Sockets for Transtibial Amputees

Engsberg

Sprouse²,

Uhrich³

et al. 2006

JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

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The current method for fabricating prosthetic sockets is to modify a positive mold to account for the non-homogeneity of the residual limb to tolerate load (i.e., rectified socket). We tested unrectified sockets by retaining the shape of the residual limb, except for a distal end pad, using an alginate gel process instead of casting. This investigation compared rectified and unrectified sockets. Forty-three adults with unilateral transtibial amputations were tested after randomly wearing both rectified and unrectified sockets for at least 4 weeks. Testing included a gait analysis, energy expenditure and Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). Results indicated no differences between sockets for gait speed and timing, gait kinematics and kinetics, and gait energy expenditure. There were also no differences in the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire and 16 subjects selected the rectified socket, 25 selected the unrectified socket, and 2 subjects selected to use both sockets as their exit socket. Results seemed to indicate that more than one paradigm exists for shaping prosthetic sockets, and this paradigm may be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of socket fit. The alginate gel fabrication method was simpler than the traditional method. The method could be helpful in other countries where prosthetic care is lacking, may be helpful with new amputees, and may be helpful in typical clinics to reduce costs and free the prosthetist to focus more time on patient needs.

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Gait Kinematics in Below-Knee Child Amputees: A Force Plate Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Biomechanical parameters of gait among transtibial amputees: a review

Biomechanical parameters of gait among transtibial amputees: a review

The role of the contralateral limb in below-knee amputee gait

Comparison of Rectified and Unrectified Sockets for Transtibial Amputees

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