Galeras volcano, Colombia Interdisciplinary study of a Decade Volcano

Stix, John; Calvache, Marta Lucia; Williams, Stanley N.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(96)00082-0

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Several stages of its evolution have been identified on the basis of geological and geochronological studies performed by Calvache (1995), Calvache and Cortés (1996) and Calvache et al (1997).…”

Section: The Galeras Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed studies allowed Calvache et al (1997) to define six different stages in the evolution of the GVC. Each of these eruption stages is the result of numerous eruption episodes, which occurred during long periods of time.…”

Section: The Galeras Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oldest of them is the Cariaco stage, whose only remnant is a pinnacle in three directions re-shaped by glacial activity at three sides, suggesting that it was a topographic high during the Pleistocene glaciation (Calvache et al 1997). This was followed by the Pamba Stage, which left deposits around the town of Sandoná, where the best exposure of the edifice can be seen (Fig.…”

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lava flow deposits are by far the major volcanic products of the next Coba Negra eruptive stage. These are mainly composed by two pyroxene-high silica andesites, with few dacites and basaltic andesites, whose eruptions began around 793 ka (Calvache et al 1997). Around the end of this stage and before the activity of the Jenoy stage, a small monogenetic cinder cone (0.2 km 3 ) named La Guaca was formed on the southwestern side of the GVC.…”

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caldera-forming event at the Jenoy stage has been dated to be as old as 40 ka (Calvache et al 1997). Explosive activity continued during the Jenoy stage with minor eruptions that formed valley-controlled pyroclastic deposits and dated for 41-31 ka (Calvache et al 1997).…”

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: The Galeras Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Galeras Volcanic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-galeras Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Textural and geochemical constraints on andesitic plug emplacement prior to the 2004–2010 vulcanian explosions at Galeras volcano, Colombia

et al. 2018

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Hazardous sequences of vulcanian explosions are thought to result from the repeated emplacement and destruction of degassed, highly crystalline magma plugs in the shallow conduit of arc volcanoes. The processes governing the timing and magnitude of these explosions are thought to be related to magma ascent rate and efficiency of degassing and crystallisation. We study a rare suite of time-constrained ballistic bombs from the 2004–2010 period of activity of Galeras volcano to reconstruct magma plug architecture prior to six individual vulcanian explosions. We find that each plug was vertically stratified with respect to crystallinity, vesicularity and melt volatile content, melt composition and viscosity. We interpret this structure as resulting from multiple bubble nucleation events and degassing-driven crystallisation during multi-step ascent of the magma forming the plug, followed by spatially variable crystallisation within the plug under contrasting conditions of effective undercooling created by degassing. We propose that the shallow conduit evolved from more open degassing conditions during 2004–2008 to more closed conditions during 2009–2010. This resulted in explosions becoming smaller and less frequent over time during 2004–2008, then larger and more frequent over time during 2009–2010. This evolution was controlled by changing average ascent rates and is recorded by systematic changes in plagioclase microlite textures. Our results suggest that small volume vulcanian explosions (~ 10 5 m 3 ) should generally be associated with longer repose times (hundreds of days) and produce ballistics characterised by small numbers of large, prismatic plagioclase microlites. Larger volume vulcanian explosions (~ 10 6 m 3 ) should be associated with shorter repose times (tens of days) and produce ballistics characterised by high numbers of small, more tabular plagioclase microlites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00445-018-1260-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Galeras volcano, Colombia Interdisciplinary study of a Decade Volcano

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Landscapes and Landforms of Colombia

Landscapes and Landforms of Colombia

Geomorphological Features of the Galeras Volcanic Complex

Textural and geochemical constraints on andesitic plug emplacement prior to the 2004–2010 vulcanian explosions at Galeras volcano, Colombia

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