Gallic acid: A promising genoprotective and hepatoprotective bioactive compound against cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in mice

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent and is also known to interact with specific biological molecules and produce numerous side effects such as genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and nephrotoxicity. CP induces genotoxicity by generating oxygen/nitrogen derived free radicals during chemotherapy and causes DNA damage. Hence, to overcome such side effects of chemotherapeutic agents antioxidants are recommended. Gallic acid (GA) a phenolic compound is commonly exists in variety of fruits and in many plants. In the present study, genoprotecive effects of GA against CP induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice were evaluated by using comet assay, bone marrow, and peripheral micronucleus (MN) assays. CP produced oxidative stress induced hepatic damage was assessed by estimating the activity of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione content (GSH), and also by examining the histological alterations induced by CP in hepatic tissue of mice. It was noticed that, GA pretreatment significantly reduced the frequency of MN and DNA strand breaks induced by CP. GA also protected the hepatic tissue against CP induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated damage and was evident by increased levels of liver SOD and GSH. GA ameliorated the histological changes induced by CP in hepatic tissue. These findings suggest that, GA is a versatile antioxidant with promising protection against CP induced genotoxicity and hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice.

The reversible and modulation role of water-soluble gallic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan conjugates against the induced nephrotoxicity with cisplatin

“…The present study revealed high DNA damage in the CDDP-treated group (70 percent − 80 percent) (Fig. 4) compared to the control group (2 percent − 5 percent), as evidenced by the increased movement of DNA from the comet's head to the tail 59 . The ability of CDDP to cross-link with purine bases in DNA, producing DNA damage in malignant cells, has been related to its genotoxic potential.…”

Contribution to the Preclinical Safety Assessment of Lannea velutina and Sorindeia juglandifolia Leaves

“…Previous studies with gallic acid, a marker compound identified in both tested extracts, reported no mutagenic effects up to the concentration of 5000 µg/plate using the Ames test [ 44 ]. Additionally, gallic acid has been described as genoprotective and hepatoprotective [ 45 ].…”

Comparison of Crude and Wine-Steamed Corni Fructus Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined With Pharmacodynamics Screening

“…Gallic acid can have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has protective effects on the liver. 14,15 The Corni Fructus medicinal effect after processing is enhanced. 16 The iridoid glycosides have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, among others.…”