Gallic Acid Crosslinked Gelatin and Casein Based Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications

Abstract

In the current work, we fabricated gelatin–casein-based edible films (GC-EFs) crosslinked with gallic acid (GA). We analyzed the physiochemical characteristics, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface properties of the EFs using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the edible films possessed a semi-crystalline structure. Addition of GA enhanced the thermal stability of the edible films as well as the surface properties of the films. It was found that a higher concentration of GA (4–5% w/v) significantly improved the surface properties, observed in the surface and cross-sectional examination of SEM micrographs. EFs containing higher amounts of GA showed more compact and denser structures with smoother and more homogeneous surfaces than the control samples. In addition, swelling degree (SD), thickness, water solubility (WS), moisture content (MC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) were found to be low in EFs containing more GA concentration. Mechanical parameters revealed that the Young modulus (Ym) and tensile strength (TS) increased with a rise in GA concentration, and elongation at break (EB) reduced with a rise in GA concentration. In transparency and color analysis, it was observed that GA positively affected the transparency of the edible films.

The Applications of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Essential Oil as a Functional Ingredient in Gelatin/Kappa-Carrageenan Composite Films for Active Packaging

“…This finding highlights the nonsignificant effect of LEO on the crystalline characteristics of these composite materials. 40 3.8. FTIR.…”

The Application of Phenolic Acids in The Obtainment of Packaging Materials Based on Polymers—A Review

“…In addition to the biopolymer–gallic-acid connections mentioned above, gelatin [ 41 ], chitosan/gelatin [ 42 ], gelatin/casein [ 43 ], and cellulose/kappa-carrageenan [ 44 ] films modified by gallic acid have been obtained, and their physico-chemical properties have been studied. In gelatin/gallic acid materials, the aldehyde group of GA reacts with the amino group in the gelatin molecule to form a stable covalent bond [ 41 ].…”

“…L. Rui et al observed that with the increasing concentration of GA, in chitosan/gelatin/gallic acid films, there was a reduction in transmittance, elongation at the brake, and water vapor permeability [ 42 ]. In gelatin/casein/gallic acid films, the films had a semi-crystalline structure, with enhanced thermal stability, more homogenous surfaces, increased Young modulus and tensile strength, and reduced elongation at the brake than pristine films [ 43 ]. Additionally, kappa carrageenan and cellulose nanofibers were grafted with GA. Biopolymer films with antioxidant activity were obtained and studied [ 44 ].…”

The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Phenolics such as chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites in plants . Because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, they can be used as active ingredients in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. − Table presents the newest findings in the bioactivities and possible future applications of the chosen phenolic compounds extracted from plants. − Based on the information presented in Table , it is clear that current research focuses mostly on the medical application of phenolics in anticancer preparations. It is worth mentioning that phenolics have shown activities in the treatment of other civilization and neurodegenerative diseases.…”