Gallium and indium electrode potentials in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic

Shafir, Joseph M.; Plambeck, James A.

doi:10.1139/v70-353

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The standard potential was calculated in the usual manner (10) and is reported with respect to the appropriate standard platinum electrode on the molar, molal, and mole fraction scales in Table I. The conventions and standard states used in this table have been described elsewhere (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mater~als.--Reagent grade lithium chloride and potassium chloride (Fisher Scientific Ltd.) were purified as previously described (10). Germanium rod (99.99%) was obtained from A.D. MacKay Inc., New York.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparatus.--The apparatus used was similar to that previously described (10)(11)(12). The electrodes used for voltammetric scans were made of tungsten wire 5 mm long and 0.5 mm in diameter sealed in uranium glass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Behavior of Germanium in Fused LiCl-KCl Eutecric

Shafir

Plambeck

1973

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrode potentials of the Ge(II)/Ge(0) and Ge(IV)/Ge(II) redox couples in fused LiC1-KC1 eutectic were found to be --0.792 and --0.665V vs. the standard molar platinum reference electrode (SMPE). A voltammetric study of Ge (II) showed that potentials more negative than --0.80V are sufficient for electrodeposition of germanium. Chronopotentiometric reduction of Ge(II) on gold followed the Sand equation and gave evidence of alloy formation. The cell Au-Ge (12 weight per cent Ge, 1)/Ge(II) in LiC1-KC1/Ge(s) was studied, and the following parameters were determined for the alloy: ~S~ ---14.2 eu, AG~ = --1.24 kcal/mole, AH~ _--+9.00 kcal/mole. Optical and scanning electron metallographic studies were made of germanium deposited on a gold substrate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Behavior of Germanium in Fused LiCl-KCl Eutecric

Shafir

Plambeck

1973

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…38 Electrochemistry of a gallium(III) chloride solution in high-temperature molten salts was also investigated, and the redox properties were studied. [39][40][41] Smolenskii reported briefly the electrodeposition of gallium on tungsten from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. 42 Electrochemistry of galium(III) chloride in air-stable ionic liquids, using in situ STM on the Au(111) electrode were carried out by Endres and co-workers, 43 and nanodeposition of gallium on Au(111) was reported by Freyland et al 44 Aiming at further studies of electrodeposition of gallium metal, we have studied buffering of the chlorogallate(III) ionic liquids.…”

Section: [Gaclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffered chlorogallate(iii) ionic liquids and electrodeposition of gallium films

Seddon

Сринивасан

Swadźba‐Kwaśny

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Buffering of Lewis acidic chlorometallate ionic liquids is a useful tool to modify their properties for electrochemical and catalytic applications. Lewis acidic chlorogallate(iii) ionic liquids containing the 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, buffered with sodium chloride, were studied using (71)Ga NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. All the studied Lewis acidic compositions (0.50 < χGaCl3 ≤ 0.75) could be buffered to mild or moderate acidity, but not to neutrality. Electrodeposition of gallium from such buffered systems was possible, yielding deposits of improved morphology over the unbuffered ionic liquids, due to the constant melt composition maintained by the buffer. These findings were in a stark contrast with older studies on chloroaluminate(iii) ionic liquids buffered with sodium chloride.

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“…However, at higher In + concentrations, In + did not oxidize quantitatively. Shafir and Plambeck 64) measured electrode potentials of indium and gallium couples in dilute solutions of the ionic species in fused LiCl-KCl eutectic at 450 o C. Standard molar electrode potentials of In + /In 0 , In 3+ /In + and Ga 3+ /Ga 0 were observed. They indicated that gallium metal oxidized to Ga 3+ and oxidized Ga 3+ ion reduced to metal directly.…”

Section: Electrochemical Reactions Of Indium Metal and Indium Ions Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviors of Indium

Chung¹,

Lee²

2012

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Many researchers focus on indium contained semiconductors and alloy compounds for their various applications. Electrochemists want to obtain indium contained compounds simply via one-step electrodeposition. First of all, electrochemistry of constituent elements must be understood in order to develop the best condition for the electrodeposition of indium contained compounds. We will review the electrochemistry of indium. Equilibria between indium metal and indium ions and the standard electrode potentials of the equilibria will be reviewed. The electrochemical reactions of indium species are affected by surrounding conditions. Thus dependences of electrochemical behaviors of indium metal and indium ions on various parameters will be reviewed.

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Gallium and indium electrode potentials in fused LiCl–KCl eutectic

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Electrochemical Behavior of Germanium in Fused LiCl-KCl Eutecric

Electrochemical Behavior of Germanium in Fused LiCl-KCl Eutecric

Buffered chlorogallate(iii) ionic liquids and electrodeposition of gallium films

Electrochemical behaviors of Indium

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