2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3656986
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Gallium gradients in chalcopyrite thin films: Depth profile analyses of films grown at different temperatures

Abstract: Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, leading to improved quantum efficiency. In this study, we investigate the effect of the maximum substrate temperature during film growth on the de… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…), or by normalVSe2+ at the surface . Schmid et al , Mönig et al , as well as Bröker et al provided indications for Cu depletion and In/Ga enrichment, but not for Se depletion or Cu enrichment, at Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin‐film surfaces.…”
Section: Changes In Structure and Composition: Atomic Reconstruction mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…), or by normalVSe2+ at the surface . Schmid et al , Mönig et al , as well as Bröker et al provided indications for Cu depletion and In/Ga enrichment, but not for Se depletion or Cu enrichment, at Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin‐film surfaces.…”
Section: Changes In Structure and Composition: Atomic Reconstruction mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…In spite of this, there has been no experimental comparison of the efficacy of back recombination passivation between a higher back Ga grading and a back passivation structure. In the 3-stage co-evaporation processes [13], lowering process temperature (substrate temperature) was proved to be able to reduce the inter-diffusion of Ga-In [14,15] and therefore provides the possibility to create a higher back Ga grading by engineering the deposition sequence of Ga-Se precursor and In-Se. At the same time, the low process temperature can enable the preparation of CIGSe solar cells on flexible polymer substrates [16,17], thus offering a potential to further reduce the manufacturing cost and widen the applications of the solar cells.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…original article values from 1.15 to 2.73 eV, which makes this kind of compounds potentially useful and attractive candidates for photovoltaic applications (Bar et al 2008, Kawamura et al 2009, Meiss et al 2011, Mönig et al 2011, Tadjarodi et al 2012.…”
Section: Hall Effect and Transient Surface Photovoltage (Spv) Study Omentioning
confidence: 99%