Galt

Suzuki, Keiichiro; Kawamoto, Shimpei; Maruya, Mikako; Fagarasan, Sidonia

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381300-8.00006-x

Cited by 81 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…The settlement of indigenous bacteria is regulated by specific and non-specific host defense. Non-specific host defense includes physical and chemical elimination from the epithelial cells themselves [11, 12], a thick mucus layer, digestive enzymes [3, 8], the secretion of several bactericidal substances [31, 32] and the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation [19, 25, 26], whereas specific host defense is induced via gut-associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) equipped throughout the alimentary tract [29]. The Peyer’s patch which exists in the small intestine is a kind of aggregated lymphatic tissue which is the most extensively investigated among GALT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiar Composition of Epithelial Cells in Follicle-Associated Intestinal Crypts of Peyer’s Patches in the Rat Small Intestine

Mantani

Yuasa

Nishida

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The epithelial cell composition was investigated in the follicle-associated intestinal crypt (FAIC) of rat Peyer’s patches. The epithelium of the FAIC mainly consisted of columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. The characteristics of secretory granules in Paneth cells and goblet cells of both the FAIC and ordinary intestinal crypts (IC) were almost the same in periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction, Alcian blue (AB) staining and the immunohistochemical detection of lysozymes and soluble phospholipase A2. Both goblet cells and Paneth cells were markedly less frequent on the follicular sides than on the anti-follicular sides of the FAIC. Goblet cells were also markedly less frequent in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) than in the ordinary intestinal villi (IV). Indigenous bacteria were more frequently adhered to FAE than to follicle-associated intestinal villi or IV. These findings suggest that the host defense against indigenous bacteria is inhibited on the follicular sides of FAIC, which might contribute to the preferential settlement of indigenous bacteria on the FAE; they also suggest that differentiation into secretory cells is inhibited in the epithelium of the follicular sides of FAIC, so that differentiation into M cells might be admitted in the FAE of rat Peyer’s patches. Furthermore, intermediate cells possessing characteristics of both Paneth cells and goblet cells were rarely found in the FAIC, but not in the IC. This finding suggests that the manner of differentiation into Paneth cells in the FAIC differs from that in the IC.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiar Composition of Epithelial Cells in Follicle-Associated Intestinal Crypts of Peyer’s Patches in the Rat Small Intestine

Mantani

Yuasa

Nishida

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Although TPN is critical for the survival of these patients, it is not without sequelae. Enteral deprivation adversely affects the gastrointestinal tract in a number of ways, including the disruption of the epithelial and mucosal immune system; the induction of an inflammatory response to the decrease of lymphocytes (202,203) and an increase in mucosal proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α) (204); reduced epithelial barrier function, which in many cases results in sepsis (205); hepatitis due to oxidative stress (206) and hepatobiliary complications (ex: steatosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis) (207); and dysbiosis resulting from changes in the gut microbiota community structure and a loss of microbial diversity.…”

Section: Regulation Of Chromatin Modification By Endogenous Metabolitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic programming of the epigenome: host and gut microbial metabolite interactions with host chromatin

Krautkramer

Dhillon

Denu

et al. 2017

Translational Research

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The mammalian gut microbiota has been linked to host developmental, immunologic, and metabolic outcomes. This collection of trillions of microbes inhabits the gut and produces a myriad of metabolites, which are measurable in host circulation and contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases. The link between endogenous metabolite availability and chromatin regulation is a well-established and active area of investigation, however, whether microbial metabolites can elicit similar effects is less understood. In this review, we focus on seminal and recent research that establishes chromatin regulatory roles for both endogenous and microbial metabolites. We also highlight key physiologic and disease settings where microbial metabolite-host chromatin interactions have been established and/or may be pertinent.

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“…This acquired immune defense system of the intestinal (and extraintestinal) sites depends upon the production and release of immunoglobulins (Igs), namely, secretory IgA (sIgA), into the lumen. 53 Beneath the physical and chemical barrier of the intestinal epithelium lie millions of adaptive immune lymphocytes residing in the LP, intraepithelial (IE) spaces, PP and lymphoid aggregates. 54 The LP constitutes the space within the villous structures that also contains the vascular supply, nerve innervation of both the autonomic and enteric nervous systems (ENS), and lymphatics.…”

Section: What Is the Gi Immune System?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 Animals receiving oral immunization with antigens produce antibodies against those antigens in the intestine, respiratory tract, nasal-associated mucosal tissue (NALT), salivary glands, and genitourinary tract. This also happens in humans.…”

Section: The Common Mucosal Immune Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 After tethering, chemokine receptor activation produces a firm arrest and subsequent diapedesis of cells into the patches under the influence of the chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21, and others. Within the PP, the T and B cells are sensitized to antigens processed by the dendritic cells, migrate to the lymph nodes, and subsequently are released into the thoracic duct and vascular system for delivery to effector sites throughout the body.…”

Section: Des and Adaptive (Acquired) Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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