Gambierdiscus excentricus sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a benthic toxic dinoflagellate from the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic Ocean)

Madanidinium loirii gen. et sp. nov.(Dinophyceae), a new marine benthic dinoflagellate from Martinique Island, Eastern Caribbean

“…Because of this potential toxicity, several taxonomic studies were undertaken in tropical regions (Fukuyo, 1981;Besada et al, 1982;Berland et al, 1992;Grzebyk et al, 1994;Chinain et al, 1999) and also in temperate areas worldwide (e.g. Horiguchi & Chihara, 1983;Saunders & Dodge, 1984;Larsen, 1985;Hoppenrath, 2000b;Aligizaki & Nikolaidis, 2006;Murray, 2009;Chomérat et al, 2010b;Fraga et al, 2011).…”

Ciguatera, an Emerging Human Poisoning in Europe

“…The presence of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp. in the Canary Islands was documented in 2004 [22] and confirmed in 2011 [14]. This coincides with the detection of the first outbreaks in Canary Islands in 2004 and from 2009 is beginning to make a plan for detecting ciguatoxin in the archipelago, beginning itself to detect fish (amberjacks) carriers of the toxin [34].…”

“…Moreover, intravenous injection of mannitol early after the onset of the disease seems to be the most efficient therapy for CFP [1]. Although rarely fatal, ciguatera poisoning is the most common seafood poisoning worldwide, affecting approximately 50,000-500,000 people annually, but a lack of diagnostic methods for CFP likely results in underreporting of cases [14,15].…”

“…In 2011 were described a new toxic dinoflagellated found in the Canary Islands coasts in 2004. This marine benthic dinoflagellate was appointed like Gambierdiscus excentricus [14,20] and very recently, other novel toxic dinoflagellated was identified off the Canary Island coastal waters, Gambierdiscus silvae [26].…”

Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems: Recent Progress and Future Research

“…Screening of samples from divergent locations with these assays has provided new insights into the biogeography of these species (e.g., some are endemic to the tropical Pacific or Caribbean while others are more widely distributed). Since then, six additional species have been newly described: G. excentricus and G. silvae from the Canary Islands (Fraga et al, 2011;Fraga and Rodríguez, 2014); G. scabrosus from Japanese coastal waters (Nishimura et al, 2014); G. balechii discovered in the Celebes Island (Fraga et al, 2016; see opening page photo b); G. cheloniae from the Cook Islands , and G. lapillus in Great Barrier Reef waters (Kretzschmar et al, 2017). The Gambierdiscus cf.…”