Gambling involvement indicative of underlying behavioral and mental health disorders

Okunna, Nene; Rodríguez-Monguió, Rosa; Smelson, David A.; Poudel, Krishna C.; Volberg, Rachel A.

doi:10.1111/ajad.12345

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Prior studies found gender differences in the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression and gambling disorders . Study findings on the differences in the clinical burden of pathological gambling by gender, align with prior studies that found an overall greater prevalence rate of pathological gambling in males . This study also found that the median age in females seeking care for pathological gambling and co‐occurring conditions was significantly greater than in males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The overall number of episodes of care was significantly greater among females than males with the exception of psychoactive substance use disorders. Despite the greater prevalence of pathological gambling in males, novel study findings show that females had a significantly greater average number of episodes of care related with a principal or primary diagnosis of pathological gambling. These findings could be related to a greater severity of gambling and other psychiatric disorders among females or to differences in treatment‐seeking behaviors intrinsic to gender specific cultural values, roles and expectations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The literature exploring underlying mechanisms influencing gender differences in the prevalence of gambling disorders and related healthcare services utilization is scarce and inconclusive . Prior studies found a greater prevalence of pathological gambling in males compared to females . Conversely, other studies did not find a significant association between gender and the risk of developing a pathological gambling behavior .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization

2018

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Background and Objectives Pathological gambling often co‐occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Gender differences in treatment‐seeking behaviors among patients with pathological gambling diagnosis remain poorly understood. This study assessed gender differences in healthcare services utilization in patients seeking treatment for pathological gambling, substance use, and mental health co‐occurring conditions. Methods Study data were derived from a representative sample of the Massachusetts All Payers Claims Database for the period 2009–2013. Descriptive analyses were performed by gender using group t‐tests and Pearson's chi‐square tests. Bootstrap analysis was used to account for skewed distribution of healthcare services utilization data. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between healthcare services utilization and gender while controlling for patient's age, county, and ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis codes. Results Over two‐thirds of the patients were males. Moreover, two in five patients seeking treatment had pathological gambling as principal or primary diagnosis. Females had a significantly greater number of three or more co‐occurring psychiatric conditions than males. Having a diagnosis of episodic mood disorder, neurotic disorder, or adjustment reaction significantly increased the utilization of healthcare services for both genders. Females had a greater utilization of healthcare services than males for the same psychiatric diagnosis. Discussion and Conclusions Healthcare services utilization significantly varies by gender and type of mental health and substance use diagnosis. There are significant differences by gender in the utilization of healthcare services for the same psychiatric disorders. Scientific Significance There is a need to address gender differences in psychiatric conditions and their related healthcare needs. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1–7)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization

2018

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“…Consistent with results from previous studies identifying a positive relation of gambling with alcohol use , our results confirm that the risk of being a gambler increases with the use of alcohol and the experience of HED in the last month. The only exception is Moldova: this may be due to the fact that for these two measures the country is above the ESPAD average with alcohol use in the last 30 days (56 versus 48%) and HED during the same time‐period (41 versus 35%) , suggesting that alcohol use is a somewhat diffused behaviour, both among gamblers and non‐gamblers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of youth gambling and potential influence of substance use and other risk factors throughout 33 European countries: first results from the 2015 ESPAD study

et al. 2018

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“…Prior to the BGPS, three other surveys collected information about gambling and problem gambling in Massachusetts. These included: a module of questions added to the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) [3, 4]; an online panel survey funded by the National Center for Responsible Gaming and conducted by the Cambridge Health Alliance Division on Addictions (CHA-DOA) [47]; and an online panel survey funded and carried out by the Massachusetts Council on Compulsive Gambling (MCCG) [48]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of friends and family to recreational gambling, at-risk gambling, and problem gambling

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe variables correlated with problem gambling are routinely assessed and fairly well established. However, problem gamblers were all ‘at-risk’ and ‘recreational’ gamblers at some point. Thus, it is instructive from a prevention perspective to also understand the variables which discriminate between recreational gambling and at-risk gambling and whether they are similar or different to the ones correlated with problem gambling. This is the purpose of the present study.MethodBetween September 2013 to May 2014, a representative sample of 9,523 Massachusetts adults was administered a comprehensive survey of their past year gambling behavior and problem gambling symptomatology. Based on responses to the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measure, respondents were categorized as Non-Gamblers (2,523), Recreational Gamblers (6,271), At-Risk Gamblers (600), or Problem/Pathological Gamblers (129). With the reference category of Recreational Gambler, a series of binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify the demographic, health, and gambling related variables that differentiated Recreational Gamblers from Non-Gamblers, At-Risk-Gamblers, and Problem/Pathological Gamblers.ResultsThe strongest discriminator of being a Non-Gambler rather than a Recreational Gambler was having a lower portion of friends and family that were regular gamblers. Compared to Recreational Gamblers, At-Risk Gamblers were more likely to: gamble at casinos; play the instant and daily lottery; be male; gamble online; and be born outside the United States. Compared to Recreational Gamblers, Problem and Pathological Gamblers were more likely to: play the daily lottery; be Black; gamble at casinos; be male; gamble online; and play the instant lottery. Importantly, having a greater portion of friends and family who were regular gamblers was the second strongest correlate of being both an At-Risk Gambler and Problem/Pathological Gambler.ConclusionsThese analyses offer an examination of the similarities and differences between gambling subtypes. An important finding throughout the analyses is that the gambling involvement of family and friends is strongly related to Recreational Gambling, At-Risk Gambling, and Problem/Pathological Gambling. This suggests that targeting the social networks of heavily involved Recreational Gamblers and At-Risk Gamblers (in addition to Problem/Pathological Gamblers) could be an important focus of efforts in problem gambling prevention.

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Gambling involvement indicative of underlying behavioral and mental health disorders

Abstract: Differing behavioral and mental health risk factors emerge among recreational gamblers by gambling frequency. Gambling frequency may be a better proxy for assessing the risk of developing gambling related behavioral disorders than overall endorsement of gambling participation.

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization

Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization

Prevalence of youth gambling and potential influence of substance use and other risk factors throughout 33 European countries: first results from the 2015 ESPAD study

The importance of friends and family to recreational gambling, at-risk gambling, and problem gambling

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